Validation of a CFD model for the evaluation of urban microclimate at high latitudes: A case study in Trondheim, Norway

Brozovsky, Johannes; Simonsen, Are J.; Gaitani, Niki

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108175

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…CFD is a scientific research method achieved through the computational ability of computers. By dividing fluid into a grid, the computation of each point provides information about the movement of the fluid [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Since the outbreak of COVID-19 and SARS, governments and academics have placed research emphasis on viruses [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Numerical Simulation in Building Drainage Stacks as an Infection Pathway of COVID-19

Cheng

Lin

2022

IJERPH

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Being aware of global pandemics, this research focused on the potential infection routes in building drainage systems. Case studies have found that dysfunctional building drainage systems not only failed to block contaminants but also potentially became a route for the spreading of viruses. Several fluid simulations in pipelines were conducted in this research using COMSOL Multiphysics. In particular, virus transmission from one patient’s room to other uninfected residential units through pipelines was visualized. A 12-story building, which is commonly seen in the local area, was designed as a simulation model to visualize the transmission and analyze its hazards. Furthermore, five environmental factors were filtered out for discussion: distance, time span, pressure, initial concentration, and environment temperature. By manipulating these factors, the relationship between the factors and the behavior of the contaminant could be explored. In addition, a simulation with a different pipeline arrangement was included to observe the virus diffusion behavior under different scenarios. The visualized simulation concluded that the contaminant would spread through the drainage system and arrive at the neighboring four floors within an hour under the circumstances of a 12-story building with broken seals and constant pressure and contaminant supply on the seventh floor. Meanwhile, the whole building would be exposed to infection risks by the continuous virus spreading through a drainage system. Distance, time span, and pressure were considered critical factors that affected indoor contamination in the system. On the other hand, initial concentration and environmental temperature did not have significant roles. Visualizing the behavior of viruses provides a glimpse of what happens behind walls, paving the way for recognizing the importance of maintaining functional drainage systems for individuals’ health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Numerical Simulation in Building Drainage Stacks as an Infection Pathway of COVID-19

Cheng

Lin

2022

IJERPH

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“…Moreover, the enhanced wall treatment is a blended wall model or wall function. It blends the separate models in the two-layer approach by using a damping function to make the transition smoother (Brozovsky et al, 2021). Meanwhile, Second-order upwind schemes were adopted for the calculation.…”

Section: Cfd Modelling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Window Heat Recovery (WHR) System with Heat Pipe Technology: Analytical, CFD, Experimental Analysis and Building Retrofit Performance

Barreto

Wang

et al. 2021

SSRN Journal

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“…The second option is to deploy multiple wind sensors throughout the city under study and to compare the measurements recorded by the instruments to the results of the simulations for specific wind conditions. As sensors, one may find a wide range of solutions from meteorological stations [84] to LIDAR instruments [61,85], such as in Figure 8, satellites [86], and/or other more innovative methods [87].…”

Section: Data Assimilation and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second option is to deploy multiple wind sensors throughout th city under study and to compare the measurements recorded by the instruments to th results of the simulations for specific wind conditions. As sensors, one may find a wid range of solutions from meteorological stations [84] to LIDAR instruments [61,85], such as in Figure 8, satellites [86], and/or other more innovative methods [87]. Despite all previous efforts, it is unlikely that the predictions made are completely accurate, i.e., they must be adjusted according to the measurements made by a network of sensors distributed throughout the city.…”

Section: Data Assimilation and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in CFD Modeling of Urban Wind Applied to Aerial Mobility

García-Gutiérrez

Gonzalo

López

et al. 2022

Fluids

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The feasibility, safety, and efficiency of a drone mission in an urban environment are heavily influenced by atmospheric conditions. However, numerical meteorological models cannot cope with fine-grained grids capturing urban geometries; they are typically tuned for best resolutions ranging from 1 to 10 km. To enable urban air mobility, new now-casting techniques are being developed based on different techniques, such as data assimilation, variational analysis, machine-learning algorithms, and time series analysis. Most of these methods require generating an urban wind field database using CFD codes coupled with the mesoscale models. The quality and accuracy of that database determines the accuracy of the now-casting techniques. This review describes the latest advances in CFD simulations applied to urban wind and the alternatives that exist for the coupling with the mesoscale model. First, the distinct turbulence models are introduced, analyzing their advantages and limitations. Secondly, a study of the meshing is introduced, exploring how it has to be adapted to the characteristics of the urban environment. Then, the several alternatives for the definition of the boundary conditions and the interpolation methods for the initial conditions are described. As a key step, the available order reduction methods applicable to the models are presented, so the size and operability of the wind database can be reduced as much as possible. Finally, the data assimilation techniques and the model validation are presented.

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Validation of a CFD model for the evaluation of urban microclimate at high latitudes: A case study in Trondheim, Norway

Cited by 36 publications

References 106 publications

CFD Numerical Simulation in Building Drainage Stacks as an Infection Pathway of COVID-19

CFD Numerical Simulation in Building Drainage Stacks as an Infection Pathway of COVID-19

An Innovative Window Heat Recovery (WHR) System with Heat Pipe Technology: Analytical, CFD, Experimental Analysis and Building Retrofit Performance

Advances in CFD Modeling of Urban Wind Applied to Aerial Mobility

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