Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Manganese and Lead in Human Hair and Nails Using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

This article describes the validation of analytical methods for the determination of Manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) in human hair and nail samples. Method validation parameters such as linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, and precision were determined. In addition, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), and measurement uncertainty were calculated. The developed method was linear in the concentration ranges of 0.001–0.015 and 0.002–0.020 µg·L−1 of Mn and Pb, respectively. The determination coefficients obtained were greater than 0.995. The recoveries obtained after the addition of the standard concentration for the metals ranged from 84.80–107.98%, with a precision not exceeding 12.97% relative standard deviation. The calculated LOD and LOQ for Mn and Pb are within the ranges established by Commission Regulation (EU) No. 836/2011. The expanded uncertainty was estimated to be less than 9.93–6.59% for Mn and Pb. Matrix effects were also studied, finding a smooth effect in both matrices. The analysis of 30 samples of each type revealed the presence of Mn in 30 and Pb in 13 samples. Overall, the proposed validation method was considered optimal for the determination of Mn and Pb.

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in human milk: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment

“…Choosing suitable analysis methods and instruments for PTEs is a severe challenge due to the complexity of the human milk matrix (Draghici et al, 2011;Zeiner et al, 2007). Accordingly, many analytical techniques have been used for measuring PTEs, such as Thin layer chromatography(TLC) (Jumde and Gurnule, 2015;Kholghi et al, 2020), UV-VIS spectrometry (Hasankola et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2019), Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) by Flame Atomic Absorption(FAA) (Muhib et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2015), Graphite Furnace Absorption (GFA) (Forero-Mendieta et al, 2022;Zhong et al, 2016) and Vapor Generation Absorption(VGA) (Mostafavi and Ebrahimi, 2019;Perelonia et al, 2021), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Byers et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2018), Electrochemical Methods (Cui et al, 2015;Ding et al, 2021), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) (Fathabad et al, 2018;Yamini and Safari, 2018) and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Ashrit et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2020). In some studies, combining at least two analytical methods helps achieve the best results in different matri (Kwon et al, 2018;Li et al, 2021).…”

Removal of Inorganic Pollutants from Wastewater: Innovative Technologies and Toxicity Assessment

“…The recovery rate was found to be 93 to 100%. Some researchers have developed the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) analytical method for determining manganese (Mn) and Pb in a target sample [55]. It was reported that the developed method showed linearity in the range from 0.001 to 0.015 and from 0.002 to 0.020 µg/L for Mn and Pb, with a recovery rate from 84.80% to 107.98%, respectively.…”

Multi-Elemental Analysis of Hair and Fingernails Using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED XRF) Method Supported by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP MS)

“…Many metals in biological materials occur in trace amounts, requiring sensitive instrumental techniques. The most commonly used are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) with atomization in a graphite furnace (in a few cases in a flame) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], optical emission spectrometry [ 15 , 16 ], mass spectrometry [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 17 , 18 ] with plasma as a source of excitation or ionization of elements (ICP OES, ICP MS), and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) [ 19 , 20 ]. In addition to the high operating costs typical of these techniques, they require sample mineralization [ 5 , 6 , 16 , 21 ] or extraction combined with preconcentration [ 13 , 16 , 18 , 22 ].…”