Validation of an HPLC/MS/MS method with isotopic dilution for quantitative determination of trans,trans-muconic acid in urine samples of workers exposed to low benzene concentrations

Tranfo, Giovanna; Paci, Enrico; Sisto, Renata; Pigini, Daniela

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.03.004

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our data have shown that the extraction recovery of the d 4 -MVL was approximately 50% lower than MVL and had a fractionally earlier elution time (2.05 min) relative to the analyte (2.10 min) in the polar reversed-phase HPLC method, which could suggest that d 4 -MVL is more polar than MVL. Similar observations of reversed-phase HPLC resolution and different extraction recoveries between a low molecular weight analyte and its d 4 -IS have been reported [34,35]. Despite this, the analyte-IS relationship was consistent and linear, as shown by the validation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Quantification of Urinary Mevalonic Acid as A Biomarker of Hmg-Coa Reductase Activity by A Novel Translational LC–MS/MS Method

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Quantification of Urinary Mevalonic Acid as A Biomarker of Hmg-Coa Reductase Activity by A Novel Translational LC–MS/MS Method

et al. 2014

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“…t,t MA has been extracted using SPE or SPME followed by analysis by HPLC/UV or HPLC/MS/MS [31,35–40] or if derivatized by GC/MS [41,42]. Detection limits of 5–10µg/L have been reported.…”

Section: Methodologies For Measuring Benzene Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene exposure: An overview of monitoring methods and their findings

Weisel

2010

Chemico-Biological Interactions

186

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Benzene has been measured throughout the environment and is commonly emitted in several industrial and transportation settings leading to widespread environmental and occupational exposures. Inhalation is the most common exposure route but benzene rapidly penetrates the skin and can contaminant water and food resulting in dermal and ingestion exposures. While less toxic solvents have been substituted for benzene, it still is a component of petroleum products, including gasoline, and is a trace impurity in industrial products resulting in continued sub to low ppm occupational exposures, though higher exposures exist in small, uncontrolled workshops in developing countries. Emissions from gasoline/petrochemical industry are its main sources to the ambient air, but a person’s total inhalation exposure can be elevated from emissions from cigarettes, consumer products and gasoline powered engines/tools stored in garages attached to homes. Air samples are collected in canisters or on adsorbent with subsequent quantification by gas chromatography. Ambient air concentrations vary from sub-ppb range, low ppb, and tens of ppb in rural/suburban, urban, and source impacted areas, respectively. Short-term environmental exposures of ppm occur during vehicle fueling. Indoor air concentrations of tens of ppb occur in microenvironments containing indoor sources. Occupational and environmental exposures have declined where regulations limit benzene in gasoline (<1%) and cigarette smoking has been banned from public and work places. Similar controls should be implemented worldwide to reduce benzene exposure. Biomarkers of benzene used to estimate exposure and risk include: benzene in breath, blood and urine; its urinary metabolites: phenol, t,t-muconic acid (t,tMA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (sPMA); and blood protein adducts. The biomarker studies suggest benzene environmental exposures are in the sub to low ppb range though non-benzene sources for urinary metabolites, differences in metabolic rates compared to occupational or animal doses, and the presence of polymorphisms need to be considered when evaluating risks from environmental exposures to individuals or potentially susceptible populations.

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“…Proper investigation of matrix effects includes, in addition to the absolute matrix effect, the study of matrices from different sources [27,29,[69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80].…”

Section: Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%