Validation of Distance Run Tests for Elementary School Children

Jackson, Andrew S.; Coleman, A. Eugene

doi:10.1080/10671315.1976.10615344

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The distance run in 9 min measures the fitness improvement (18)(19)(20). Time-based walk/run tests of 9 and 12 min yield reliable measurements and have been shown to correlate closely with the maximal oxygen consumption measured on a treadmill (19,20). Sit-ups are used to measure strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of morning and afternoon exercise training for asthmatic children

Silva

Torres

Rahal

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Fitness improvement was used to compare morning with afternoon exercise periods for asthmatic children. Children with persistent moderate asthma (according to GINA criteria), 8 to 11 years old, were divided into 3 groups: morning training group (N = 23), afternoon training group (N = 23), and non-training group (N = 23). The program was based on twice a week 90-min sessions for 4 months. We measured the 9-min running distance, resting heart rate and abdominal muscle strength (sit-up number) before and after the training. All children took budesonide, 400 µg/day, and an on demand inhaled ß-agonist. The distance covered in 9 min increased (mean ± SEM) from 1344 ± 30 m by 248 ± 30 m for the morning group, from 1327 ± 30 m by 162 ± 20 m for the afternoon group, and from 1310 ± 20 m by 2 ± 20 m for the control group (P < 0.05 for the comparison of morning and afternoon groups with the control group by ANOVA and P > 0.05 for morning with afternoon comparison). The reduction of resting heart rate from 83 ± 1, 85 ± 2 and 86 ± 1 bpm was 5.1 ± 0.8 bpm in the morning group, 4.4 ± 0.8 bpm in the afternoon group, and -0.2 ± 0.7 bpm in the control group (P > 0.05 for morning with afternoon comparison and P < 0.05 versus control). The number of situps in the morning, afternoon and control groups increased from 22.0 ± 1.7, 24.3 ± 1.4 and 23 ± 1.1 sit-ups by 9.8 ± 0.9, 7.7 ± 1.4, and 1.9 ± 0.7 sit-ups, respectively (P > 0.05 for morning with afternoon comparison and P < 0.05 versus control). No statistically significant differences were detected between the morning and afternoon groups in terms of physical training of asthmatic children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heart rate was assessed during the test with a Polar HR monitor (Polar Beat, Polar Electro Inc., Kempele, Finland). The effort was not considered valid unless the patient had a heart rate of at least 75% of the maximum predicted heart rate (220 -age) at the end of the running period (19).…”

Section: Cs Silva Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of morning and afternoon exercise training for asthmatic children

Silva

Torres

Rahal

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Testers recorded distance covered in meters. For the 6-min run/walk test, test-retest reliability over 1 week averaged 0.72, and concurrent validity was suggested in children of ages 9 to 11 through reported correlations of 0.71 to 0.82 between distances recorded and VO 2 max treadmill test results [30,41]. Research suggested that there was considerable correspondence between runs of 12, 9, 6, and 3 min in the elementary school age group [41].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the 6-min run/walk test, test-retest reliability over 1 week averaged 0.72, and concurrent validity was suggested in children of ages 9 to 11 through reported correlations of 0.71 to 0.82 between distances recorded and VO 2 max treadmill test results [30,41]. Research suggested that there was considerable correspondence between runs of 12, 9, 6, and 3 min in the elementary school age group [41]. Pilot testing for children of ages 5 to 8 years indicated that the correlation of a previously used run/walk tests of 6 min [29,30], and a 3-min version, was strong at 0.70, p<0.001.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an after-school care-administered physical activity and nutrition protocol on body mass index, fitness levels, and targeted psychological factors in 5- to 8-year-olds

Annesi

Smith²,

Walsh

et al. 2015

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Over one third of U.S. youth are overweight or obese. Treatments typically have had unreliable effects, inconsistently incorporating behavior-change theory. After-school care might be a viable setting for health behavior-change programs. We evaluated effects of two consecutive 12-week segments of a revised self-efficacy/ social cognitive theory-based physical activity and nutrition treatment on fitness levels, body mass index (BMI), and targeted psychosocial factors in after-school care participants, ages 5-8 years. Changes in physiological measures, exercise self-efficacy (ESE), and physical selfconcept over 9 months were contrasted in experimental (n=72) vs. typical-care (n=42) groups. Mediation of the group-BMI change relationship by the psychosocial factors was also assessed. Improvements in physiological measures and ESE were significantly greater in the experimental group. ESE change completely mediated the association of treatment type with BMI change. The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in the physiological measures, with its treatment's theoretical basis and application within afterschool care supported. KeywordsBMI, Physical activity, Psychological factors, Youth, Self-efficacy, ChildrenThe prevalence of children being either overweight (body mass index (BMI; kg/m 2 )≥85th<95th sex-and age-adjusted percentile) or obese (≥95th percentile) [1] is an increasing concern in industrialized nations [2]. A high weight at a young age predicts overweight, obesity, and increased health risks into and throughout adulthood [2][3][4].U.S. government data indicate that approximately 35 % of White children of ages 6 through 11 years are either overweight or obese, with their African-American and Hispanic counterparts higher at an average of about 40 % [5]. Although adequate physical activity and a healthy diet will promote a healthy weight, children now consume a preponderance of unhealthy foods that are high in fat, sugar, and calories [6], and active free-play has been reduced through increased screen time and parents' concerns for safety when unsupervised [7]. Although recess provided in elementary schools varies by state, schools have a clear opportunity to increase physical activity levels and improve nutrition in children of that age group [7,8]. However, they have been either unwilling or unable to consistently provide healthy foods [6], and even when physical education (P.E.) time has not been reduced (as has been a trend [8]), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during such classes has been minimal [9] with only 8 to 11 % of a child's daily physical activity provided by P.E. [10]. Accelerometer-measured data indicate that for U.S. children of ages 6 through 11 years, only about half the boys and one third of the girls attain the recommended amount of moderate or more intense physical activity of 60 min/day, 5 or more days per week [11]. Implications Practice: For young elementary school students, after-school care can, and should, provide moderate-to-vigorous phys...

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“…However, to date, the values of these correction coefficients are varied. Therefore, the results of the cardio-respiratory fitness test were maintained in categories 26,27 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%