Validation of Layer-By-Layer Coating as a Procedure to Enhance Lactobacillus plantarum Survival during In Vitro Digestion, Storage, and Fermentation

Abstract

Probiotics are sensitive to phenolic antibacterial components and the extremely acidic environment of blueberry juices. Layer-by-layer (LbL) coating using whey protein isolate fibrils (WPIFs) and sodium alginate (ALG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), or xanthan gum (XG) was developed to improve the survival rate of Lactobacillus plantarum 90 (LP90) in simulated digestion, storage, and fermented blueberry juices. The LbL-coated LP90 remained at 6.65 log CFU/mL after 48 h of fermentation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) indicated that dense and rough wall networks were formed on the surface of LP90, maintaining the integrity of LP90 cells after the coating. Stability evaluation showed that the LbL-coated LP90 had a much higher survival rate in the processes of simulated gastrointestinal digestion and storage. The formation mechanism of the LbL coating process was further explored, which indicated that electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding were involved. The LbL coating approach has great potential to protect and deliver probiotics in food systems.

Aloe vera jelly dessert supplemented with Lactobacillus curvatus encapsulated in Plantago major mucilage and sodium alginate: Characterization of physicochemical, sensory properties and survivability against low pH, salt, heat, and cold storage

“…The data showed that the count of free cells reduced from 8.67 log CFU/mL to 1.27 log CFU/mL with a viability of 14.68% after 60 days of storage at 4°C. However, the survival rate of encapsulated bacteria was 60% (Li et al., 2023 ). It differs from the current research results.…”

“…However, the reduction of MLC was 2.19 log CFU/mL, and the survival rate was 77.85% during storage. Similarly, Li et al (2023) used protein-isolated fibrils, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, and xanthan gum to protect Lactobacillus plantarum. The data showed that the count of free cells reduced from 8.67 log CFU/mL to 1.27 log CFU/mL with a viability of 14.68% after 60 days of storage at 4°C.…”

Protein-based bioactive coatings: from nanoarchitectonics to applications

“…235 These nanofilms created a synthetic cellular environment on cell membranes, facilitating the regulation of cell viability, morphology, and proliferation, especially in osteogenesis or bone formation. 236 Moving beyond protein-based coatings on cellular surfaces, Li and colleagues 237 developed an effective encapsulation strategy for probiotics using the LbL assembly method, leveraging electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds among fibrils from various sources. Encapsulated probiotics exhibited significantly improved survival rates during simulated gastrointestinal digestion and storage.…”

“…Moving beyond protein-based coatings on cellular surfaces, Li and colleagues 237 developed an effective encapsulation strategy for probiotics using the LbL assembly method, leveraging electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds among fibrils from various sources. Encapsulated probiotics exhibited significantly improved survival rates during simulated gastrointestinal digestion and storage.…”

Improved Loading Capacity and Viability of Probiotics Encapsulated in Alginate Hydrogel Beads by In Situ Cultivation Method

“…Microencapsulation of probiotics is an effective and feasible method to enhance their stability and cell survival. In addition to improving the survival rate of probiotics during gastrointestinal digestion, microencapsulation technology can also promote the stability of probiotics by preventing adverse reactions with external factors and ensuring controlled and targeted release in the gastrointestinal tract [2].…”