Validation of the German Version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool—Revised

Abstract

Introduction:The second victim phenomenon that occurs after critical events poses a serious factor for patient and workplace safety. These experiences can be evaluated using the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST), originally in English, or the translated and validated Korean or Chinese versions. In 2020, a revised version was published (SVESTR) with the addition of resilience items. The aim of this study is the validation of the German version, the G-SVESTR, in a multiprofessional setting. Methods:The G-SVESTR questionnaire was designed according to World Health Organization recommendations. This entails translation, test for face validity, back translation, pretest, expert panel evaluation, and a test in a large population for validity and reliability. We provided an anonymous online questionnaire to physicians, nurses, paramedics, medical assistants, and physician assistants to test our developed tool. Statistics were accomplished using XL-Stats.Results: Altogether, 72% (306 of 428) of the participants completed the survey. The mean time for completion was 9.4 minutes. Physician assistants and medical assistants were significantly younger than other respondents. The analysis revealed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach α = 0.844). A principal component analysis showed 11 factors with eigenvalues greater than 1. Factor loading on distinct dimensions was satisfactory with one exception, the absenteeism item (item 31), which showed cross-loadings and poor factor loading on the absenteeism dimension. The results of the G-SVESTR revealed only some differences between the professional subgroups. Conclusion:The G-SVESTR is a valid and reliable testing instrument for the evaluation of second victim experiences in different medical professions.

The Effect of Second-Victim-Related Distress and Support on Work-Related Outcomes in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia

“…The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) is a tool used to measure SVS and its support. It has been widely translated and validated into many languages, such as Spanish (Spain and Argentina), Italian, Korean, Chinese, Persian (Iran), Danish, and German [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. An improvised version of the SVEST—Revised Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST-R) was developed by Winning [ 39 ].…”

Translation and Validation of the Malay Revised Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (M-SVEST-R) among Healthcare Workers in Kelantan, Malaysia

“…In contrast, Raykov’s rho considers multiple factors and the difference in factor loadings among items [ 78 , 79 , 80 ]. Cronbach’s alpha for the original SVEST was 0.79, the Korean version was 0.71, the Argentinian version was 0.805, the Iranian version was 0.76, the Danish version was 0.91, the Italian version was 0.88, the revised SVEST-R was 0.86, the Chinese version was 0.866, and the German version of the SVEST-R was 0.884 [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 65 ]. Even though institutional support was the sole factor contributing to Raykov’s rho of less than 0.70, the score was considered adequate when compared with Cronbach’s alpha of the original SVEST (0.64), the K-SVEST (0.59), and the Danish version of the SVEST (0.68) [ 56 , 57 , 62 ].…”

“…The SVEST has been validated and translated into Korean [ 57 ], Iranian [ 58 ], Italian [ 59 ], Spanish (Argentina) [ 60 ], Chinese [ 61 ], Danish [ 62 ], and Spanish (Spain) [ 63 ]. Since 2020, an improvised revision of the SVEST (SVEST-R) has been made available in English [ 64 ] and subsequently translated into German [ 65 ]. Even though the initial English version focused on pediatric clinical care and the revised version on the neonatal care unit, other translations have broadened this scale’s applicability to various clinical departments, teaching hospitals, and multiple healthcare professions, thus enhancing the generalizability and usability of the questionnaire.…”

Validation of the Turkish version of the second victim experience and Support Tool (T-SVEST)

“…Cross-cultural adaptations of the SVEST have been reported in several countries (China, Korea, Argentina, Italy, Denmark, Spain, Iran, Germany, and Malaysia) [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. Yet, it has not been adapted in Turkey.…”

“…To understand the process that second victims have to cope and determine desired support resources, Burlison et al developed and validated the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) [20]. Recently, cross-cultural adaptations of the scale were carried out in China, Korea, Argentina, Italy, Denmark, Spain, Iran, Germany, and Malaysia [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. The aim of this study is to translate and perform a psychometric evaluation of the SVEST in Turkey (T-SVEST).…”