Validation of the revised MDRD formula and the original Cockcroft and Gault formula for estimation of the glomerular filtration rate using Australian data

Jones, Graham; Imam, Seyed K.

doi:10.1080/00313020902884980

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This association should not be surprising, given the relationship between renal function, which affects homocysteine levels, and brain atrophy (Figure 5). Renal function in this study was measured by the Cockcroft‐Gault formula for glomerular filtration rate 13 . Confirming the results of another study, a decrease in renal function was associated with increasing vascular‐associated brain atrophy 14 .…”

Section: Noncerebral Pathophysiological Changes Related To the Aging supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Renal function in this study was measured by the Cockcroft-Gault formula for glomerular filtration rate. 13 Confirming the results of another study, a decrease in renal function was associated with increasing vascular-associated brain atrophy. 14 Microalbuminuria, a sensitive indicator of renal vascular disease, has been previously shown to be associated with white matter disease.…”

Section: Noncerebral Pathophysiological Changes Related To the Aging supporting

confidence: 76%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Functional expressions of the aging brain

Folstein

2010

Nutrition Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the conventional view, aging of the brain is associated with atrophy vascular abnormalities and loss of volume in hippocampus and amygdala. Cognitively, aging is associated with slowing of processing and memory loss. However, many studies of aging do not examine the cases to exclude demented people. The nutrition and memory in the homebound elderly study (NAME) excluded cases clinically diagnosed as having dementia. Cortical atrophy based on MRI ratings was significantly correlated with vascular disease, white matter hyperintensities, processing speed, and memory but not hippocampus and amygdala volume. Renal function and homocysteine were also associated with cortical atrophy but not with the cognitive variables. In conclusion, brain atrophy of aging in the absence of dementia is related to vascular disease but not hippocampal atrophy. Studies of nutritional interventions should consider using MRI atrophy rather than cognition as outcome.

show abstract

Section: Noncerebral Pathophysiological Changes Related To the Aging supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Noncerebral Pathophysiological Changes Related To the Aging supporting

confidence: 76%

Functional expressions of the aging brain

Folstein

2010

Nutrition Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Blood pressure values collected during 3.5 years (range 0.2 to 6.7 years) were used for calculation of the mean arterial pressure. The MDRD formula [48] was used for calculating the estimated GFR in patients that had no measurement of GFR around the time of the biopsy [49].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Glomerular Proteoglycans in IgA Nephropathy

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mesangial matrix expansion is a prominent feature of the most common form of glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy (IgAN). To find molecular markers and improve the understanding of the disease, the gene and protein expression of proteoglycans were investigated in biopsies from IgAN patients and correlated to clinical and morphological data. We collected and microdissected renal biopsies from IgAN patients (n = 19) and from healthy kidney donors (n = 14). Patients were followed for an average time of 4 years and blood pressure was according to target guidelines. Distinct patterns of gene expression were seen in glomerular and tubulo-interstitial cells. Three of the proteoglycans investigated were found to be of special interest and upregulated in glomeruli: perlecan, decorin and biglycan. Perlecan gene expression negatively correlated to albumin excretion and progress of the disease. Abundant decorin protein expression was found in sclerotic glomeruli, but not in unaffected glomeruli from IgAN patients or in controls. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), known to interact with perlecan, decorin and biglycan, were upregulated both on gene and protein level in the glomeruli. This study provides further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in mesangial matrix expansion in IgAN. We conclude that perlecan is a possible prognostic marker for patients with IgAN. In addition, the up-regulation of biglycan and decorin, as well as TGF-β itself, indicate that regulation of TGF-β, and other profibrotic markers plays a role in IgAN pathology.

show abstract

“…Creatinine clearance (CLcr) was estimated from plasma creatinine concentration, age and total body weight (TBW) using the Cockcroft & Gault equation [13] [14]. CLcr was normalized to a standard weight of 70 kg by dividing by total body weight and multiplying by 70.…”

Section: Clinical and Biochemical Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population pharmacokinetics of melphalan in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing high dose therapy

Nath

Shaw

Trotman

et al. 2010

Brit J Clinical Pharma

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• There has been one previous population pharmacokinetic analysis of total melphalan given as a short infusion in 84 adults (mixed diagnoses) and creatinine clearance and body size were found to be important determinants of total melphalan clearance. Dose and exposure to total melphalan were found to correlate with the development of mucositis. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• This is the largest population pharmacokinetic study on melphalan conducted to date. It is the first conducted in a uniform patient population (patients with multiple myeloma) and the first in which both total and unbound melphalan pharmacokinetics are examined. Factors found to be important determinants of total and unbound plasma clearance of melphalan were creatinine clearance, fat free mass and haematocrit. Haematocrit has not previously been identified as an influential covariate in any previous study. The importance of total and unbound melphalan exposure on transplant outcome was demonstrated by preliminary pharmacodynamic results showing significant associations with melphalan-related toxicity. A preliminary analysis of the association with disease response showed promising trends, but will be examined in more detail with longer follow-up of the whole cohort. AIMSTo i) investigate the pharmacokinetics of total and unbound plasma melphalan using a population approach, ii) identify clinical factors that affect melphalan disposition and iii) evaluate the role of melphalan exposure in melphalan-related toxicity and disease response. METHODSPopulation pharmacokinetic modelling (using NONMEM) was performed with total and unbound concentration-time data from 100 patients (36-73 years) who had received a median 192 mg m -2 melphalan dose. Model derived estimates of total and unbound melphalan exposure (AUC) in patients with serious melphalan toxicity and those who had a good disease response (Ն90% decrease in paraprotein concentrations) were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTSA two compartment model generated population mean estimates for total and unbound melphalan clearance (CL) of 27.8 and 128 l h -1 , respectively. Estimated creatinine clearance, fat free mass and haematocrit were important determinants of total and unbound CL, reducing the inter-individual variability in total CL from 34% to 27% and in unbound CL from 42% to 30%. Total AUC (range 4.9-24.4 mg l -1 h) and unbound AUC (range 1.0-6.5 mg l -1 h) were significantly higher in patients who had oral mucositis (Նgrade 3) and long hospital admissions (P < 0.01). Patients who responded well had significantly higher unbound AUC (median 3.2 vs. 2.8 mg l -1 h, P < 0.05) when assessed from diagnosis to post-melphalan and higher total AUC (median 21.3 vs. 13.4 mg l -1 h, P = 0.06), when assessed from pre-to post-melphalan. CONCLUSIONSCreatinine clearance, fat free mass and haematocrit influence total and unbound melphalan plasma clearance. Melphalan exposure is related to melphalan toxicity while the association with efficacy shows promising tren...

show abstract

Validation of the revised MDRD formula and the original Cockcroft and Gault formula for estimation of the glomerular filtration rate using Australian data

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Functional expressions of the aging brain

Functional expressions of the aging brain

Role of Glomerular Proteoglycans in IgA Nephropathy

Population pharmacokinetics of melphalan in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing high dose therapy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About