Validation of Wireless Power Transfer up to 11kW Based on SAE J2954 with Bench and Vehicle Testing

Schneider, Jesse; Carlson, Richard Barney; Sirota, Jonathan; Sutton, Robert; Taha, Eloi; Kesler, Morris P.; Kamichi, Kensuke; Teerlinck, Ivo; Abeta, Hiroyuki; Minagawa, Yusuke; Yazaki, Satoshi; Yoon, Uooyeol; Kawashima, Kiyotaka; Muskett, Sam; Bohn, Ted; Mathar, Sebastian; Mikat, Daniel; Guag, Joshua; Seidman, Seth J.; Reitan, Ron

doi:10.4271/2019-01-0868

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Apart from them it recommended pad models, interoperability and maximum stray field levels. The joint experiments from research institutions and automotive industry shown circular and double-D pads are have good interoperability in power transfer capability and efficiency [63].Communication protocol guidelines defined by J2954 relies on other recommended guidelines such as J2836/6, J2931/6 and J2847/6, and. SAE recommended another version guidelines for WPT as J2954/2 for medium and heavy-duty vehicle.…”

Section: A Design and Safety Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review

Bharatiraja²,

2021

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Considering a future scenario in which a driverless Electric Vehicle (EV) needs an automatic charging system without human intervention. In this regard, there is a requirement for a fully automatable, fast, safe, cost-effective, and reliable charging infrastructure that provides a profitable business model and fast adoption in the electrified transportation systems. These qualities can be comprehended through wireless charging systems. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a futuristic technology with the advantage of flexibility, convenience, safety, and the capability of becoming fully automated. In WPT methods resonant inductive wireless charging has to gain more attention compared to other wireless power transfer methods due to high efficiency and easy maintenance. This literature presents a review of the status of Resonant Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging technology also highlighting the present status and its future of the wireless EV market. First, the paper delivers a brief history throw lights on wireless charging methods, highlighting the pros and cons. Then, the paper aids a comparative review of different type's inductive pads, rails, and compensations technologies done so far. The static and dynamic charging techniques and their characteristics are also illustrated. The role and importance of power electronics and converter types used in various applications are discussed. The batteries and their management systems as well as various problems involved in WPT are also addressed. Different trades like cyber security economic effects, health and safety, foreign object detection, and the effect and impact on the distribution grid are explored. Prospects and challenges involved in wireless charging systems are also highlighting in this work. We believe that this work could help further the research and development of WPT systems..

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Section: A Design and Safety Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review

Bharatiraja²,

2021

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“…A recent review of reported magnetic fields distributions within or outside the vehicle at several distances and including misalignment conditions [22] suggested that in none of the investigations described in the quoted publications [23][24][25][26][27][28][29], the measured magnetic or electric fields during charging exceeded either the ICNIRP or IEEE exposure limits when proper shielding is involved.…”

Section: B Inductive Wpt Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Wireless Power Transfer

Lin¹

2021

IEEE Access

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Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are developed to provide electric power either directly or via battery-charging. The optimism on WPT technology is driven by the ubiquity of cellphones, laptops, and mobile communication devices. Aside from not having to plug in a cellphone or laptop, WPT battery charging offers the potential for mobile devices to get electrical power the same way they get data through harvesting ambient electromagnetic radiation. The dream is a truly wireless mobility scenario with tether-free electric power for cellphones, laptops, appliances, and transportation systems. Beyond wireless communication, the electromagnetic power required for large-scale commercial WPT implementation is substantial. A key facet of the system design and research should include consideration of health effects and safety of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation.

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“…Impedance Z 44' in (7) can be seen as the series connection of a resistor R L ', a capacitor C f2 , and a capacitor C s2 [29]. Thus, it can be easily deduced that the right side of the SS compensated circuit in Figure 1a can be also used for the LCC compensation when replacing the effective load R L in (4) with the equivalent load R L ' given by (8) and the capacitor C VA with the series of C s2 and C f2 .…”

Section: Wpt Equivalent Circuit and Compensation Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the automotive WPT technology for EVs is standardized by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 19363 [5], International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61980 [6], and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2954 [7], but the standardization work is still in progress, as many issues still need to be addressed. The SAE Recommended Practice (RP) J2954 and other related documents establish an industry-wide specification that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electromagnetic fields (EMF) safety, minimum performance, and safety and testing for wireless charging of light duty EVs [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Field during Wireless Charging in an Electric Vehicle According to Standard SAE J2954

et al. 2019

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The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Recommended Practice (RP) J2954 (November 2017) was recently published to standardize the wireless power transfer (WPT) technology to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle (EV). The SAE J2954 RP establishes criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electromagnetic field (EMF) safety, etc. The aim of this study was to predict the magnetic field behavior inside and outside an EV during wireless charging using the design criteria of SAE RP J2954. Analyzing the worst case configurations of WPT coils and EV bodyshell by a sophisticated software tool based on the finite element method (FEM) that takes into account the field reflection and refraction of the metal EV bodyshell, it is possible to numerically assess the magnetic field levels in the environment. The investigation was performed considering the worst case configuration—a small city car with a Class 2 WPT system of 7.7 kVA with WPT coils with maximum admissible ground clearance and offset. The results showed that the reference level (RL) of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines in terms of magnetic flux density was exceeded under and beside the EV. To mitigate the magnetic field, the currents flowing through the WPT coils were varied using the inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensation instead of the traditional series-series (SS) compensation. The corresponding calculated field was compliant with the 2010 ICNIRP RL and presented a limited exceedance of the 1998 ICNIRP RL. Finally, the influence of the body width on the magnetic field behavior adopting maximum offset was investigated, demonstrating that the magnetic field emission in the environment increased as the ground clearance increased and as the body width decreased.

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Validation of Wireless Power Transfer up to 11kW Based on SAE J2954 with Bench and Vehicle Testing

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review

Safety of Wireless Power Transfer

Magnetic Field during Wireless Charging in an Electric Vehicle According to Standard SAE J2954

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