Value of morphological parameters for grading of brain swelling

Hausmann, Roland; Vogel, C.; Seidl, S.; Betz, P.

doi:10.1007/s00414-005-0021-6

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This applied only to cases with secondary complications involving other organ systems (e.g., pneumonias). Owing to these influencing factors, we considered it advisable to observe these cases critically and in comparison with H&E staining when evaluating the results [29]. Neurodegenerative brain disorders, in particular, Alzheimer's disease [30] and Parkinson's disease [31], constitute an additional influencing factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal and glial apoptosis in human traumatic brain injury

et al. 2006

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To establish reliable methods to aid the timing of brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI), brain tissue from 56 autopsy cases with TBI and known survival times, ranging from a few minutes to 126 days, were tested for apoptotic changes to the neuronal and glial cells. Apoptosis was established using the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) method of in-situ labelling and immunohistochemical reaction of caspase 3. In addition, cellular reaction and astroglial cell differentiation were investigated using histological and immunohistochemical markers. From a survival time of 120 min up to 12 days, TUNEL-positive apoptotic neuronal cells were frequently detected in the contusion zone. The earliest positive caspase 3 reaction in cortical neurons was evident after a posttraumatic interval of 80 min. Detection of apoptotic glial cells using the TUNEL technique showed that as in the case of neuronal cells, the earliest positive TUNEL reaction was obtained after 110 min. In cases of survival times of 120 min up to 4 days, apoptotic glial cells could frequently be detected. However, the first caspase 3-positive glial cells appeared 5 h after injury. Cerebral apoptosis was significantly associated with TBI cases as compared to control cases (P<0.001). The reference histological findings of neutrophilic granulocytes, CD3-positive T-lymphocytes, CD68-positive activated microglial cells/macrophages and TUNEL-positive neuronal cells increases the degree of certainty in determining the probable age of traumatic brain injury to 87.5%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal and glial apoptosis in human traumatic brain injury

et al. 2006

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“…The reason for the appearance of slight signs of cerebral edema in causes of death not directly involving the brain may be hypoxia during agony. Agony can last at least several minutes which may be enough time to cause hypoxia in the brain due to depraved circulation and blood oxygenation [32][33][34][35]. Slightly elevated water content in the brain due to edema may also influence quantitative values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-mortem 1.5T MR quantification of regular anatomical brain structures

et al. 2016

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Recently, post-mortem MR quantification has been introduced to the field of post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging. By usage of a particular MR quantification sequence, T1 and T2 relaxation times and proton density (PD) of tissues and organs can be quantified simultaneously. The aim of the present basic research study was to assess the quantitative T1, T2, and PD values of regular anatomical brain structures for a 1.5T application and to correlate the assessed values with corpse temperatures. In a prospective study, 30 forensic cases were MR-scanned with a quantification sequence prior to autopsy. Body temperature was assessed during MR scans. In synthetically calculated T1, T2, and PD-weighted images, quantitative T1, T2 (both in ms) and PD (in %) values of anatomical structures of cerebrum (Group 1: frontal gray matter, frontal white matter, thalamus, internal capsule, caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus) and brainstem/cerebellum (Group 2: cerebral crus, substantia nigra, red nucleus, pons, cerebellar hemisphere, and superior cerebellar peduncle) were assessed. The investigated brain structures of cerebrum and brainstem/cerebellum could be characterized and differentiated based on a combination of their quantitative T1, T2, and PD values. MANOVA testing verified significant differences between the investigated anatomical brain structures among each other in Group 1 and Group 2 based on their quantitative values. Temperature dependence was observed mainly for T1 values, which were slightly increasing with rising temperature in the investigated brain structures in both groups. The results provide a base for future computer-aided diagnosis of brain pathologies and lesions in post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging.

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“…With respect to the different morphometrical data obtained in subgroups B-E compared to the controls, it could be of forensic interest to establish threshold values for the diagnosis of hypoxic injury in human brain tissue, as performed in quantitative morphological studies concerning traumatically induced reactions in the human brain [8][9][10][11][12] or postmortem features of the neuronal stem cells [7]. In this context, the most reliable indicator might be a significantly reduced proportion of intact Purkinje cells (PC I) related to the total cell numbers (PC total).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxic changes in Purkinje cells of the human cerebellum

2006

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The significance of both Purkinje cell numbers and various neuronal changes for the diagnosis and timing of hypoxic-induced brain lesions was investigated in tissue samples from the cerebellar cortex of 52 individuals with a history of acute or prolonged cerebral hypoxia/ischemia before death. Furthermore, the area of the Purkinje cell somata (PC size) was measured using an automatic image processing and analysis system (LEICA QWin). Significantly reduced numbers of Purkinje cells (<6 cells/unit length of 1 mm) and a decreased portion (<50%) of intact Purkinje cells could be detected in individuals with a period of resuscitation of at least 2 h after acute circulatory arrest. Average cell numbers of less than 4 cells/unit were found in individuals who suffered from diffuse brain swelling and were ventilated for at least 3 days, as well as in individuals who died of brain death. Moreover, the Purkinje cells in these cases exhibited shrunken somata compared to the controls. Specimens that were stored at room temperature up to 30 h after removal at autopsy showed no significant autolytic changes of the Purkinje cells. After 46 h, however, reduced Purkinje cell numbers and shrunken cell bodies were found.

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Value of morphological parameters for grading of brain swelling

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Neuronal and glial apoptosis in human traumatic brain injury

Neuronal and glial apoptosis in human traumatic brain injury

Post-mortem 1.5T MR quantification of regular anatomical brain structures

Hypoxic changes in Purkinje cells of the human cerebellum

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