Values as constraints on affordances: Perceiving and acting properly

Hodges, Bert H.; Baron, Reuben M.

doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1992.tb00220.x

Cited by 143 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…By its very design, it sustains the value of responsible acceptance of reciprocity (Hodges and Baron 1992). It often helps to take a walk through your teaching clinic with the 'eyes of a newcomer' to see what values are prominent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, it can search for new resources in the environment. Hodges and Baron (1992) have refined this concept to show that the value of resources in the environment act as multiple, competing, dynamic constraints on action, a fact that is often overlooked. Therein is the key assumption-resources in the environment create selective pressure on behavior (Reed 1996).…”

Section: Ecological Psychologymentioning

confidence: 98%

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Toward an ecological perspective of resident teaching clinic

Smith

Francovich

Morris

et al. 2008

Adv in Health Sci Educ

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Teaching clinic managers struggle to convert performance data into meaningful behavioral change in their trainees, and quality improvement measures in medicine have had modest results. This may be due to several factors including clinical performance being based more on team function than individual action, models of best practice that are over-simplified for real patients with multiple chronic diseases, and local features that influence behavior but are not aligned with core values. Many are looking for a new conceptual structure to guide them. In this paper we briefly review several theories of action from the social and complexity sciences, and synthesize these into a coherent 'ecological perspective'. This perspective focuses on stabilizing features and narrative, which select for behaviors in clinic much like organisms are selected for in an ecosystem. We have found this perspective to be a useful guide for design, measurement, and joint learning in the teaching clinic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecological Psychologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Toward an ecological perspective of resident teaching clinic

Smith

Francovich

Morris

et al. 2008

Adv in Health Sci Educ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such concepts are about what ought to be as opposed to what is (cf. Hodges and Baron 1992). Values have been described as abstract (see Bardi and Schwartz 2003;Maio 2010) motivational constructs that apply across contexts and time (Bardi and Schwartz 2003).…”

Section: What Are Values?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elicitation of situated values: need for tools to help stakeholders and designers to reflect and communicate

Pommeranz¹,

Detweiler²,

Wiggers³

et al. 2011

Ethics Inf Technol

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Explicitly considering human values in the design process of socio-technical systems has become a responsibility of designers. It is, however, challenging to design for values because (1) relevant values must be identified and communicated between all stakeholders and designers and (2) stakeholders' values differ and trade-offs must be made. We focus on the first aspect, which requires elicitation of stakeholders' situated values, i.e. values relevant to a specific real life context. Available techniques to elicit knowledge and requirements from stakeholders lack in providing the context and means for reflection needed to elicit situated values as well as an explicit concept of value. In this paper we present our design of a tool to support active elicitation of stakeholders' values and communication between stakeholders and designers. We conducted an exploratory user study in which we compared the suitability of methods used in social sciences for (1) eliciting situated values, (2) supporting people's expressions of values and (3) being implemented in value elicitation tool. Based on the outcomes we propose a design for a value elicitation tool that consists of a mobile application used by stakeholders for data collection and in-situ self-reflection, and a website used collaboratively by designers and stakeholders to analyse and communicate values. Discussion focuses on contributions to value sensitive design.

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“…The approach identifies a central role for coevolving agents actualizing aims as they coordinate (cf. [68]), and a central role for the environment, exterior but responsive to agents, leading to cumulative changes along their history. The model also identifies roles for cognition and memory in the ways agents deal with their own orientations and choose their actions and activity places, changing their spatial environment, with consequences in the overall levels of entropy.…”

Section: Cities and Social Interaction: Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy

2017

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How can individual acts amount to coherent systems of interaction? In this paper, we attempt to answer this key question by suggesting that there is a place for cities in the way we coordinate seemingly chaotic decisions. We look into the elementary processes of social interaction exploring a particular concept, "social entropy," or how social systems deal with uncertainty and unpredictability in the transition from individual actions to systems of interaction. Examining possibilities that (i) actions rely on informational differences latent in their environments and that (ii) the city itself is an information environment to actions, we propose that (iii) space becomes a form of creating differences in the probabilities of interaction. We investigate this process through simulations of distinct material scenarios, to find that space is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the reduction of entropy. Finally, we suggest that states and fluctuations of entropy are a vital part of social reproduction and reveal a deep connection between social, informational, and spatial systems.

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Values as constraints on affordances: Perceiving and acting properly

Cited by 143 publications

References 54 publications

Toward an ecological perspective of resident teaching clinic

Toward an ecological perspective of resident teaching clinic

Elicitation of situated values: need for tools to help stakeholders and designers to reflect and communicate

Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy

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