Values for particle-scale properties of biomass briquettes made from agroforestry residues

Ramírez-Gómez, Álvaro; Gallego, E.; Fuentes, José María; González-Montellano, C.; Ayuga, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.partic.2013.05.007

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In particular, milling [6][7][8], densification [9,10] and thermal treatment [11 -13] affect particle size and shape distribution, bulk density and energy density. With specific reference to solids from particulate biomasses, handling and feeding present further difficulties due to peculiar properties both at particle level and at bulk level that make these materials even more unpredictable than other granular materials traditionally processed by industry, especially in terms of flow reliability and control [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment on bulk solids best practice techniques for flow characterization and storage/handling equipment design for biomass materials of different classes

Berry

Larsson

Lestander

et al. 2015

Fuel Processing Technology

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This paper shows the results of a collaborative project in which four different laboratories have carried out complementary characterization tests on samples of the same set of lignocellulosic biomass materials with the objectives of better understanding their properties and identifying any critical features of the different characterization procedures. Three different types of material were used as model biomasses: 1) Scots pine wood chips, as an example of a coarse and flaky particulate biomass with some elastic properties; 2) chopped straw of reed canary grass as a nesting biomass having long and flaky fibers; 3) Scots pine wood powder as a fine particulate with elastic and cohesive properties. Particle size and shape analyses were carried out with; calipers, 2D image analysis, 3D image analysis (ScanChip) and through mechanical sieving. Applications and validity limits of each of these techniques are evaluated and discussed. The flow function and internal friction 2 were determined with a Schulze ring shear tester, a Brookfield powder flow tester and a large ring shear tester. No significant differences in the results generated by these shear testing techniques were found. Wall friction measurements were carried out with a Schulze ring shear tester; a Brookfield powder flow tester; a large Jenike shear tester and a Casagrande shear box. Results, in this case, showed significant differences with a higher wall friction coefficient obtained with the larger shear cell. Additionally, tensile strengths of biomass materials were measured by the use of a novel measurement technique. Arching tests were carried out in a pilot scale plane silo with variable hopper geometry and results were compared with those predicted by applying the Jenike procedure and a modified procedure which assumed tensile strength was the controlling material property (rather than unconfined yield strength). Finally, safety of handling and storage was assessed by carrying out explosion tests on dusts from Scots pine and reed canary grass.KEYWORDS: lignocellulosic biomass, particle size, particle shape, flowability, arching, explosion RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Suitable test methods were classified for three biomass classes  Different particle sizing methods give a wide range of results  Shear tests do not discriminate flowability differences between the biomass classes  Arching behavior depends more on tensile strength than on compressive strength  Scots pine and reed canary grass dusts are flammable

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment on bulk solids best practice techniques for flow characterization and storage/handling equipment design for biomass materials of different classes

Berry

Larsson

Lestander

et al. 2015

Fuel Processing Technology

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show abstract

“…The density obtained is relatively high compared to other studies that uses other mechanism to make the briquetting process. For example, Ramírez-Gómez et al [26] obtained values under 1000 kg·m −3 for briquettes of rice husk (914.2 kg·m −3 ) and a mix with sawdust and cereal straw (965.4 kg·m −3 ), using a method based in a porosimeter. On the other hand, Muazu and Stegemann [15], using a steel mold and a compression hydraulic machine to produce the briquettes made of rice husk and corn cobs mix, applying a compressive strength of 176 kPa more than used in the present research (69 kN) but a compaction pressure of 31 MPa that is less than obtained in the current equipment for briquetting of 97 MPa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Biomass Briquettes from a Mixture of Rice Husk and Pine Sawdust

2020

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In search of guaranteeing global energy requirements, waste from different agricultural, forestry and industrial sources is presented as a renewable and sustainable energy source. The manufacture of solid fuels from biomass based on the densification of this to improve its mechanical and energy properties is one of the mechanisms of viable energy production from the technical-economic point of view. The biomass mixture is one of the topics currently researched, in which various factors can affect the final behavior of the briquettes. In this research the influence on the mechanical properties of briquettes obtained from the mixture between two biomasses is studied: rice husk and pine sawdust. A mixed factorial experimental factorial design is used, in which the process temperature, the proportion of the rice husk biomass over the total mass, and the compaction time are defined as experimental factors. Experimental statistical models are obtained that partially explain the behavior of several responses that characterize the mechanical properties of the briquettes based on the selected independent parameters. It was found that the mechanical durability of the briquettes is higher than 97.5%, meets the existing standards, like German Institute for Standardization (DIN) 51731, Theological Institute Batista Ebenézer (ITEBE) SS187120 or International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 17225-2, for a compaction temperature of 110 °C and a proportion of rice husk that does not exceed 60% of the total biomass mixture in the briquette. The compaction time was also statistically significant to achieve a briquettes density and an appropriate elasticity modulus in the briquettes. The results of this research are of interest and can serve as a starting point for the design of the industrial process of densification of these two mixed biomasses.

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“…Some recent researchers focused on the determination of these values, designing specific tests or calibration procedures. Just to cite some of them working mainly in agricultural or biomass products: the Molenda group (Stasiak et al, 2007(Stasiak et al, , 2013, the Boac group (Boac et al, 2010), the Ayuga group (González-Montellano et al, 2012a;Ramírez-Gómez et al, 2014), the Ooi group (Chung and Ooi, 2011;Härtl and Ooi, 2011) or the Tijskens group (Vanstreels et al, 2005;Van Liedekerke et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discrete Element Methods In Buildings and Infrastructures Arementioning

confidence: 99%

Present and future of the numerical methods in buildings and infrastructures areas of biosystems engineering

Ayuga

2015

J Agricult Engineer

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Biosystem engineering is a discipline resulting from the evolution of the traditional agricultural engineering to include new engineering challenges related with biological systems, from the cell to the environment. Modern buildings and infrastructures are needed to satisfy crop and animal production demands. In this paper a review on the status of numerical methods applied to solve engineering problems in the field of buildings and infrastructures in biosystem engineering is presented. The history and basic background of the finite element method is presented. This is the first numerical method implemented and also the more developed one. The history and background of other two more recent methods, with practical applications, the computer fluids dynamics and the discrete element method are also presented. Besides, a review on the scientific and professional applications on the field of buildings and infrastructures for biosystem engineering needs is presented. Today we can simulate engineering problems with solids, engineering problems with fluids and engineering problems with particles and get to practical solutions faster and cheaper than in the past. The paper encourages young engineers and researchers to make progress these tools and their engineering applications. The capacities of all numerical methods in their present development status go beyond the present practical applications. There is a broad field to work on it. IntroductionThe present paper is a review of the numerical methods at present and their applications in solving engineering problems. The field is too wide to be considered in a single article. This is why the paper focuses on presenting the fundamentals of the most significant numerical methods that can be applied for buildings and infrastructures areas of biosystems engineering. The three next numerical methods will be considered: i) finite element method (FEM); ii) computer fluid dynamics (CFD); iii) discrete element method (DEM).In the paper the main features of these methods will be presented along with showing some examples in areas of biosystems engineering. Modern engineering can be considered to begin with the industrial revolution in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. From the very beginning, it has used the most powerful mathematical tools of the time in order to solve problems arising in practice. It was considered a fact that it was essential acquiring solid mathematical foundations for being a good engineer. The programs of studies from all Universities of the time prove it so. Even great figures on mathematics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were formally engineers. This symbiosis has produced good results for society. In the second half of XX Century, the fast development of computer science produced a great advance in numerical methods applied to physics and engineering.Based on this premise, the predictable future is that calculation and structural analysis in all fields of engineering will be based on modern numerical methods. This power...

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Values for particle-scale properties of biomass briquettes made from agroforestry residues

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment on bulk solids best practice techniques for flow characterization and storage/handling equipment design for biomass materials of different classes

Assessment on bulk solids best practice techniques for flow characterization and storage/handling equipment design for biomass materials of different classes

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Biomass Briquettes from a Mixture of Rice Husk and Pine Sawdust

Present and future of the numerical methods in buildings and infrastructures areas of biosystems engineering

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