Variability and consistency in lung inflammatory responses to particles with a geogenic origin

Abstract

The unique physicochemical characteristics of geogenic particles induced a proinflammatory response in the lung. These data suggest that particle composition should be considered when setting community standards for PM exposure, particularly in areas exposed to high geogenic particulate loads.

Geogenic PM10 exposure exacerbates responses to influenza infection

“…Filters were then dried overnight leaving the b10 μm fraction for our in vivo experiments. We have previously shown that the physico-chemical attributes of this extracted PM 10 closely matches that of the airborne PM 10 from the same sites (Zosky et al, 2014a).…”

“…The 100 μg dose was chosen based on our previous dose-response data (Zosky et al, 2014a) and prior work on diesel particles (Boylen et al, 2011;Larcombe et al, 2013) showing that particle loads in macrophages are equivalent to those observed in human macrophages (Kulkarni et al, 2006). Control mice received 50 μL of saline alone.…”

“…To obtain mass weighted estimates of the particle size distribution in the samples, 2 mL of the sample was aerosolised and drawn through an Andersen Cascade Impacter (Copley Scientific, Nottingham, UK) (Zosky et al, 2014a). The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of the particle sizes were calculated.…”

“…Upon the completion of lung function measurements, mice were euthanased and their lungs were lavaged as described previously (Zosky et al, 2014a). The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was used to measure total and differential cell counts via light microscopy and the levels of IL-6, IFN-γ and MIP-2 by ELISA (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA).…”

“…However, information regarding the specific health effects of exposure to community-sampled geogenic dust is scarce. We have recently shown that acute exposure to geogenic PM 10 causes acute neutrophil-dominated inflammation in the lungs of mice (Zosky et al, 2014a) and that the magnitude of this acute inflammatory response and long-term deficits in lung function is associated with the concentration of iron (Fe) in the particles (Zosky et al, 2014b).…”