Variability in 1000 kernel weight of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes depending on ecological and agrotechnical factors

Abstract

In the ecological conditions of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe (The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, NAAS of Ukraine) the influence of growing season conditions (2016-17–2018-19), sowing dates (September 26, October 5, October 16) and different preceding crops (green manure, mustard, soybean, sunflower, corn) on variability of 1000 kernel weight of seventeen modern genotypes of winter wheat was investigated. Under environments of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe, significant variability in the trait depending on the factors under study was revealed. Part of sum square for the growing season conditions in the variation of 1000 kernel weight of winter wheat was the most (63.2%). Part of sum square for genotype was 7.0%, for preceding crop it was 4.8%, for sowing dates it was 0.4%. In terms of growing season, the variation in part of sum square was 23.5–30.1% for genotype, 12.7–39.8% for preceding crop, 0.8–6.1% for sowing date, and 2.0–26.5% for interactions between them. During the period of the study, on average for all genotypes, the maximum 1000 kernel weight was obtained after green manure (42.6 g), the least one was after soybean (39.0 g). When changing the sowing dates from September 26 to October 16, it was revealed a general tendency of decrease 1000 kernel weight after the preceding crops mustard, sunflower, corn, and soybean. Significant differences in the response of genotypes under study on the sowing dates after different preceding crops were revealed. The most influence on 1000 kernel weight was established for preceding crops in the variety MIP Darunok and for sowing dates in the variety MIP Vidznaka. There were distinguished the varieties Trudivnytsia myronivska, Balada myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, Avrora myronivska, MIP Darunok which significantly exceeded the standard by 1000 kernel weight on average through the growing season conditions, sowing dates, and preceding crops.

Impact of Planting Date and Physiological Activator (Appetizer) Application on Quality and Quantity of Wheat Grains (Triticum aestivum.L)

“…On the first appropriate date, the plants were not exposed to heat stress during the grain filling period, so the metabolism processes increased Photosynthesis and the products of physiological construction processes, which increased the deposition of starch in the grains during the filling period at the expense of protein. These results agreed with [57,58]. who showed that the delay in planting date affects the quality and quantity of wheat yield as it reduces grain yield and increases the protein content in grains, as [59].…”

Продуктивність Пшениці Озимої На Чорноземі Типовому Правобережного Лісостепу України

“…Слід зазначити, що за стабільності посівних площ пшениці озимої основним шляхом збільшення валових зборів зерна є зростання врожайності. Підвищення продуктивності сільськогосподарських культур з урахуванням сучасних умов ведення аграрного виробництва є важливою проблемою землеробства [1,2].…”