Variability in cannabinoid receptor genes is associated with psychiatric comorbidities in anorexia nervosa

González, Luz María; García-Herráiz, Angustias; Mota-Zamorano, Sonia; Flores, Isalud; Albuquerque, David; Gervasini, Guillermo

doi:10.1007/s40519-021-01106-7

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Another study found that the 385A allele, which codes for an enzyme that degrades the endocannabinoid, arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) was significantly less frequent in AN compared to HC [ 18 ]. The remaining study found that in participants with AN, the genotype rs806369-TT and haplotype rs806368/rs1049353/rs806369 of CB1 were associated with significantly lower weight and body mass index (BMI) compared to HC [ 19 ]. Additionally, the genotypes of rs806374 for CB1 and rs3003335 and rs6658703 for CB2 were associated with significantly higher occurrences of ED behaviors compared to participants with AN not carrying said genotypes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between cannabis and anorexia nervosa: a scoping review

Rogers,

Pacanowski

2023

J Eat Disord

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Background Relapse rates in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) remain high, warranting exploration of further treatments. Cannabinoid agonists are of interest as they have shown successful outcomes in the treatment of associated conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder. This scoping review explores the endocannabinoid system (ECS), benefits/harms/null effects of cannabinoid treatment, and harms of cannabis use in AN. Methods PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between 2010 and August 2023, with human participants that explored the ECS, cannabinoid treatment, or cannabis use, and included 1 or more keywords for both cannabis and AN in the title and or abstract. Reports describing secondary anorexia, reports not available in English, grey literature, reports combining data from AN with other conditions, and reports only reporting the prevalence of cannabis abuse/dependence were excluded. Data were extracted from 17 reports (n = 15 studies). For the ECS, outcomes included genetics such as allele expression related to the ECS, cannabinoid receptor availability, and circulating levels of endocannabinoids. For benefits/harms/null effects of cannabinoid treatment, outcomes included changes in weight, eating disorder (ED) symptoms, physical activity (PA), and hormones. For harms of cannabis use, outcomes included genetics related to cannabis use disorder and associations between cannabis use and ED symptoms. Results Eight studies (n = 8 reports) found abnormalities in the ECS in AN including expression of related alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes, availability of cannabinoid receptors, and levels of endocannabinoids. Three studies (n = 5 reports) found benefits/harms/null effects of cannabinoid treatment. Benefits included weight gain, improved ED symptoms and reduced PA, while null effects included no changes in weight or ED symptoms, and harms included increased PA and lowered adipose hormones. Four studies (n = 4 reports) expanded upon harms of cannabis use, including genetic predispositions to cannabis use disorder, and compensatory behaviors related to cannabis use. Conclusion Limited evidence suggests that abnormalities in the ECS in AN may render cannabis a potential treatment for weight restoration and associated symptoms. Future research may wish to investigate individualized dosing approaches to maximize beneficial effects while minimizing harms. Level II Evidence: Scoping Review.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between cannabis and anorexia nervosa: a scoping review

Rogers,

Pacanowski

2023

J Eat Disord

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“…Gonzalez et al ( 2021) [397] also found no association between rs1049353 SNP in the CNR1 gene and the risk of developing AN in a study of 221 AN patients and 396 controls. However, they found that the rs806369-TT genotype and the rs806368/rs1049353/rs806369 SPN haplotype of CNR1 were associated with lower weight and lower body mass index, respectively.…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular Alterations of the Endocannabinoid System in Psychiatric Disorders

Navarro

Gasparyan

Navarrete

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The therapeutic benefits of the current medications for patients with psychiatric disorders contrast with a great variety of adverse effects. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) components have gained high interest as potential new targets for treating psychiatry diseases because of their neuromodulator role, which is essential to understanding the regulation of many brain functions. This article reviewed the molecular alterations in ECS occurring in different psychiatric conditions. The methods used to identify alterations in the ECS were also described. We used a translational approach. The animal models reproducing some behavioral and/or neurochemical aspects of psychiatric disorders and the molecular alterations in clinical studies in post-mortem brain tissue or peripheral tissues were analyzed. This article reviewed the most relevant ECS changes in prevalent psychiatric diseases such as mood disorders, schizophrenia, autism, attentional deficit, eating disorders (ED), and addiction. The review concludes that clinical research studies are urgently needed for two different purposes: (1) To identify alterations of the ECS components potentially useful as new biomarkers relating to a specific disease or condition, and (2) to design new therapeutic targets based on the specific alterations found to improve the pharmacological treatment in psychiatry.

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“… [ 148 ] Gervasini et al, 2018 AN No-Sub 3 , BN, BED 16.94 ± 4.58 17.54 ± 2.27 NA NA Val158Met catechol-O-methyltransferase ( COMT ) GSI (SCL-90R) PST (SCL-90R) and PSDI (SCL-90R) Female 34. [ 83 ] González et al, 2021 AN No-Sub 3 16.96 ± 4.11 17.33 ± 2.11 NA NA Cannabinoid Receptor ( CNR1, CNR2) EDI-2, SCL-90R, PST, PSDI Female 35. [ 84 ] González et al, 2021 AN-R, AN-BP, BED 16.98 ± 4.21 (AN) 17.32 ± 2.07 (AN) NA NA Fat mass obesity ( FTO ) EDI-2, GSI, PST, PSDI Caucasian, female 36.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of the severe and enduring anorexia nervosa phenotype in genetics research: a scoping review

Ramsay,

Allison,

Temples

et al. 2024

J Eat Disord

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Background Anorexia nervosa has one of the highest mortality rates of all mental illnesses. For those who survive, less than 70% fully recover, with many going on to develop a more severe and enduring phenotype. Research now suggests that genetics plays a role in the development and persistence of anorexia nervosa. Inclusion of participants with more severe and enduring illness in genetics studies of anorexia nervosa is critical. Objective The primary goal of this review was to assess the inclusion of participants meeting the criteria for the severe enduring anorexia nervosa phenotype in genetics research by (1) identifying the most widely used defining criteria for severe enduring anorexia nervosa and (2) performing a review of the genetics literature to assess the inclusion of participants meeting the identified criteria. Methods Searches of the genetics literature from 2012 to 2023 were performed in the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. Publications were selected per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The criteria used to define the severe and enduring anorexia nervosa phenotype were derived by how often they were used in the literature since 2017. The publications identified through the literature search were then assessed for inclusion of participants meeting these criteria. Results most prevalent criteria used to define severe enduring anorexia nervosa in the literature were an illness duration of ≥ 7 years, lack of positive response to at least two previous evidence-based treatments, a body mass index meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 for extreme anorexia nervosa, and an assessment of psychological and/or behavioral severity indicating a significant impact on quality of life. There was a lack of consistent identification and inclusion of those meeting the criteria for severe enduring anorexia nervosa in the genetics literature. Discussion This lack of consistent identification and inclusion of patients with severe enduring anorexia nervosa in genetics research has the potential to hamper the isolation of risk loci and the development of new, more effective treatment options for patients with anorexia nervosa.

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Variability in cannabinoid receptor genes is associated with psychiatric comorbidities in anorexia nervosa

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

The relationship between cannabis and anorexia nervosa: a scoping review

The relationship between cannabis and anorexia nervosa: a scoping review

Molecular Alterations of the Endocannabinoid System in Psychiatric Disorders

Inclusion of the severe and enduring anorexia nervosa phenotype in genetics research: a scoping review

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