Variability in Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivars to in vitro Shoot Regeneration

Abstract

This investigation was conducted to establish a reliable in vitro plant regeneration system, which is a prerequisite step before conducting any genetic manipulation system. Five different potato cultivars (Daraga, Sponta, Diamont, Cillan and Burun) with two explants and four medium protocols were used in this study to find out the best cultivar of potato linked with the optimum medium conditions for callus induction; and subsequently plant regeneration. The results indicated that all in vitro traits were highly significant influenced by differences in potato cultivars, explants, and medium protocols, as well as for the interaction between the three different factors, except for the interaction between explants and medium protocols for callus induction and callus weight, which showed no significant difference. Also, the callus weight was not significantly different due to medium protocols. The shoot formation derived from callus of nodal explants produced the highest percentage of shoot formation (20.7%) across the cultivars, which was significantly different from the shoot formation derived from callus of leaf explants (6.5%). Results also revealed that there was a highly significant interaction between the cultivars and explants, for instance, the Daraga cultivar produced high percentage of shoot formation derived from callus of nodal explants (40.5), while the percentage of shoot formation derived from callus of leaf explants was (7.9%). Results showed that the medium protocol "3" produced the highest percentage of shoot formation (23.9%) across the potato cultivars, which was significantly different from other medium protocols. Results also revealed that there was a highly significant interaction between the cultivar and medium protocol. The Daraga cultivar produced the highest percentage of shoot formation (51.2%) on medium protocol "3", which was significantly different from the other protocols. Results showed that there was a highly significant difference between medium protocols and explants. The highest 4 Mohammed Abdulaziz Al-Sulaiman percentage of shoot formation was obtained with callus derived from nodal explants (38%) on medium protocol "3". However, the percentage of shoot formation derived from callus of leaf explant on the same medium protocol was (10%).