“…Long-term succession studies mostly involved analyzing microfouling communities that were developed for two (Satheesh and Wesley, 2012;Elifantz et al, 2013) or four weeks per season (Antunes et al, 2020), while analyses pertaining to monthly succession were quite limited (Pinto et al, 2019). Conversely, succession of macrofouling communities has been extensively investigated beginning from two until a maximum of 84 months (Macleod et al, 2016;Naser, 2017;Navarrete et al, 2020). The exploration of spatial effects on micro- (Briand et al, 2012;Muthukrishnan et al, 2017;Rampadarath et al, 2017) and macro-fouling (Macleod et al, 2016;Navarrete et al, 2020) community development extended to several ocean basins, such as the Arabian Gulf (AG), and the Indian and Atlantic oceans.…”