Variability of serum antibody responses of goat kids to a commercial <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> epsilon toxoid vaccine

Uzal, Francisco A.; Bodero, D. A. V.; Kelly, W. R.; Nielsen, Klaus

doi:10.1136/vr.143.17.472

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Caprinos vacinados com vacinas comerciais polivalentes contra enterotoxemia têm títulos de antitoxinas menores e menos duráveis que os observados em ovinos (Green et al 1987, Uzal et al 1998b. Em caprinos ocorrerem variações individuais na resposta à imunização, aos intervalos de vacinação (Blackwell et al 1983, Green et al1987) e aos adjuvantes (Uzal et al 1998b). Preconiza-se para manter níveis altos de proteção vacinar rebanhos susceptíveis de 3 a 4 vezes por ano.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Enterotoxemia em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 23(4):173-178, out./dez. 2003 173 SINOPSE.-São descritos surtos de enterotoxemia em caprinos em cinco propriedades no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os animais afetados eram, normalmente, encontrados mortos ou apresentavam evolução aguda de 2 a 3 horas com acentuada depressão, cólicas abdominais e diarréia profusa com fibrina. Em duas propriedades relataram-se casos com a evolução de até 12 horas. Em treze animais necropsiados observaram-se aumento de líquidos nas cavidades abdominal, torácica e pericárdica, congestão e hiperemia da serosa e mucosa do intestino, conteúdo do cólon líquido com fibrina além de hemorragias de serosa e fibrina. Em um animal constatou-se microangiopatia cerebral caracterizada por acúmulo de material homogêneo e eosinofílico no espaço perivascular. No conteúdo intestinal, colônias com bastonetes morfológica e bioquimicamente sugestivos de Clostridium perfringens foram caracterizadas no estudo bacteriológico. A soroneutralização em camundongos com conteúdo intestinal dos animais afetados, revelou a presença da toxina épsilon. Estes achados evidenciam a enterotoxemia como doença de importância para criação de caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Five outbreaks of caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were studied. The animals were found dead or had a clinical course that usually lasted 2-3 hours. From two farms a clinical manifestation period of 12 hours was reported. Clinical signs were characterized by depression, marked abdominal discomfort, profuse watery diarrhea with fibrin clots, and death. Thirteen necropsies were performed and hydropericardium, hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum were commonly found. The mucosa and serosa of the colon were congested, and its contents was watery with multiple fibrin clots. Serosal hemorrhages and fibrin clots in the gallbladder were also seen. Fibrinous colitis and thyphilitis were the most frequent histological changes. Cerebral microangiopathy was observed in one case, which was characterized by acute perivascular proteinaceous edema around arterioles of the nucleus caudatus and thalamus. Large numbers of Gram-positive rods, often in clumps and with morphology consistent with Clostridium perfringens, were seen in intestinal smears. The intestinal contents of six goats were positive for epsilon toxin by mouse neutralization test. These findings suggest that enterotoxaemia is an important disease of goat flocks in southern Brazil.INDEX TERMS: Goat enterotoxaemia, Clostridium perfringens, epsilon toxin.

show abstract

Section: Discussionunclassified

Enterotoxemia em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As in the case of goats [9], a llama was categorized as having a high antibody titer if the antibody level was over 0.25 IU/ml.…”

Section: Indirect Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxin also enters the blood and injures the central nervous system [6]. While commercial vaccines against enterotoxemia using epsilon toxoid adsorbed onto an adjuvant (usually aluminum hydroxide) have been found to be highly effective in preventing the disease in sheep [7,8] and to a more variable extent in goats [9], there is no data on their use in llamas [4,10]. In this report we describe the characterization of the IgG responses of llamas to vaccination with a commercial vaccine against enterotoxemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response to the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens following vaccination of Lama glama crias

Bentancor

Halperin

Flores

et al. 2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Enterotoxaemia produced by Clostridium perfringens A, C and D is an important cause of mortality in young llamas. There is no data on antibody responses following vaccination with epsilon toxin. Methodology: Twenty-six L. glama crias were divided into four groups which were vaccinated with a commercial vaccine (Mancha Gangrena Enterotoxemia, Instituto Rosembusch Sociedad Anónima, Argentina) on days 0, 21 and 42 or left as unvaccinated controls. An indirect ELISA was compared with the mouse neutralization test (MNT) for measuring titers to C. perfringens type D epsilon toxin and used to determine titers in sera taken before vaccination and 16, 28, 49, 59, and 93 days later. Results: The ELISA gave comparable results to the MNT and showed animals vaccinated once failed to develop raised titers. A week following a second vaccination, mean antibody titers rose significantly (P < 0.05) and 7/12 animals developed high titers which were present in only one animal at the end of the study (day 93). A third vaccination resulted in a decrease in mean antibody titers a week later. Conclusions: Llamas develop antibodies to Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin after two vaccinations at a 21-day interval. Further studies are indicated to determine if these inoculations protect against enterotoxemia and the most appropriate vaccination schedule.

show abstract

“…However, the immunogenicity of ETX in these preparations varies, which may lead to safety problems. 8,9 There is not yet a vaccine against ETX for humans. As such, it is significantly important to develop a viable and safe vaccine against ETX for livestock and human.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%