Variables affecting semen quality and its relation to fertility in the dog: A retrospective study

Semen parameters and testicular dimensions in small breed dogs below ten‐kilogram bodyweight

“…This might be explained due to benign prostatic enlargement of ageing dogs since the ejaculate volume is influenced by the amount of prostatic fluid (Atalan et al, ; Ruel et al, ; Wheaton, Klerk, Strandberg, & Coffey, ). In contrast to other studies that determined an increase of morphological abnormalities in ageing dogs, the author did not find a relation between age and TMA (Rijsselaere et al, ; Tesi et al, ). However, the two oldest dogs of the study (11.6 years; 6.7 years) showed high percentages for TMA and proximal cytoplasmic droplets, which appears consistent with other studies (Brito, Angrimani, Lucio, & Vannucchi, ; Goericke‐Pesch & Failing, ; Rijsselaere et al, ; Tesi et al, ).…”

“…The relation between BW, semen parameters and testicular dimensions in dogs has been the subject of different studies before (Goericke‐Pesch & Failing, ; Günzel‐Apel et al, ; Rijsselaere et al, ; Tesi et al, ). While these studies showed that there are significant differences in ejaculate volume, TSO and testicular dimensions between different weight groups, limited data are available about these parameters in dogs weighing <10 kg BW.…”

“…Semen parameters differed significantly between different weight groups. Furthermore, Rijsselaere, Maes, Hoflack, Kruif, and Soom (), Tesi et al () and Goericke‐Pesch and Failing () also examined semen parameters in relation to BW with their lightest groups at below 20 kg, below 15 kg and below 10 kg.…”

Dog sperm DNA: Raw semen evaluation with Toluidine blue stain

“…In this study, routine seminal characteristics (volume, pH, sperm morphology and membrane function) were normal for the species and similar to previous studies (Freshman, ; Johnston, Kustritz, & Olson, ; Tesi et al, ). However, routine semen analysis of dog ejaculates does not include the evaluation of sperm chromatin despite the importance of this parameter as it can reflect disorders in cell division and/or sperm maturation during epididymis transit.…”

Morphological indices for canine spermatozoa based on the World Health Organization laboratory manual for human semen

“…Morphology of dog spermatozoa is one of the most important parameters during semen analysis because it gives important information about semen quality (Oettlè, ; Tesi et al, ). In clinical practice, morphology is subjectively evaluated recording normal gametes (considering for each sperm trait its shape and dimensions) and classifying all abnormal forms in primary and secondary (Christiansen, ), or major and minor (Oettlè, ).…”