VARIACIÓN ESTACIONAL DE LA REPELENCIA DE LOS ACEITES ESENCIALES DE MONIMIACEAE SOBRE Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (CURCULIONIDAE)

Abstract

RESUMENSitophilus zeamais (gorgojo del maíz) en cereales almacenados se controla principalmente con insecticidas sintéticos. Una alternativa son los insecticidas botánicos, especialmente los aceites esenciales. En Chile, los mejores resultados se han obtenido con los de Peumus boldus (boldo), Laurelia sempervirens (laurel) y Laureliopsis philippiana (tepa). Se estudió en laboratorio la repelencia de estos tres extractos sobre S. zeamais a lo largo del año. Los componentes principales de P. boldus fueron 1-8-cineol (14,9 a 40%) y ascaridol (24,37%). En L. sempervirens destacaron metil-eugenol (4,6 a 39,7%) y safrol (38,5 a 64,7%), y en L. philippiana safrol (17 a 39,6%) y linalool (0,9 a 34,5%). Salvo los extractos de L. philippiana y P. boldus al 0,125 y 0,25%, todos los tratamientos causaron repelencia, con mayor nivel en concentraciones > 4%. Sólo el aceite esencial de L. sempervirens presentó variación estacional, con mayor repelencia en el follaje colectado en verano. La falta de efecto estacional de los aceites esenciales de P. boldus y L. philippiana se estiman promisorias para el control de plagas de granos almacenados durante todo el año.Palabras clave: insecticidas vegetales, gorgojo del maíz, terpenos, boldo, laurel, tepa. ABSTRACTSitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) in stored cereals is mainly controlled with the use of synthetic insecticides. Botanical insecticides, particularly essential oils, are an alternative to use of synthetic insecticides. In Chile, the best results have been obtained with the use of essential oils of Peumus boldus (boldo), Laurelia sempervirens (laurel) and Laureliopsis philippiana (tepa). A study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the repellency of these three extracts against S. zeamais throughout the year. The main components of each essential oil were: 1-8-cineol (from 14.9 to 40%) and ascaridol (24.37%) in P. boldus; methyl eugenol (from 4.6 to 39.7%) and safrole (from 38.5 to 64.7%) in L. sempervirens; safrol (from 17 to 39.6%) and linalool (from 0. 9 to 34.5%) in L. philippiana. Except for the extracts of L. philippiana and P. boldus at 0.125 and 0.25%, all treatments caused repellency, reaching higher levels at concentrations > 4%. Only the essential oil of L. sempervirens Recibido: 10 enero 2017. Aceptado: 20 abril 2017.

Repellent activity of the essential oil from Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. (Monimiaceae) on Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Reduviidae)

“…Endogenous factors such as age, plant part processed, as well as the extraction techniques can also be responsible for the variations observed (Barra, 2009). Particularly, the seasonal variation of the insecticidal and insectistatic properties of the essential oil of L. sempervirens in the control of S. zeamais has been demonstrated (Ortiz et al, 2017).…”

“…Different extracts from the plant have shown a variety of activities against insects. Thus, the EO from leaves and bark of L. sempervirens showed insecticidal and repellent activity towards the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Torres et al, 2014;Herrera-Rodríguez et al, 2015;Torres et al, 2015;Ortiz et al, 2017), the greenhouse white fly Trialeurodes vaporariorum and its chalcidoid parasitic wasp Encarsia formosa (Zapata et al, 2016), and the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum , while the leaf powder produced lethal and sublethal effects on the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Torres et al, 2015;Noranbuena et al, 2016) and the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Bittner et al, 2008). The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the EO from leaves of L. sempervirens and its repellent effect towards fifth-instar nymphs of T. infestans.…”

Antimicrobial Properties of Chilean Native Plants: Future Aspects in Their Application in the Food Industry

“…Leaf infusions can be used to treat the common cold, cough, sore throat, and headaches [ 33 ]. Like other Monimiaceae and Lauraceae, it contains EOs with insect-repellent activity [ 53 ].…”