Variation, Genetics, and Evolution of the Primate Craniofacial Complex

Sherwood, Richard J.; Duren, Dana L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46306-2_14

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References 92 publications

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“…The research focus of the Fels Longitudinal Study had shifted away from craniofacial growth in the 1980s and craniodental radiography was discontinued in 1984. Interest in the craniofacial program was revitalized by Richard Sherwood and Dana Duren in 2003 (Sherwood et al, 2008, 2011; Sherwood & Duren, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013a, 2013b; Sherwood, Duren, Czerwinski, Blangero, & Towne, 2003; Sherwood, Duren, Subedi, & Williams‐Blangero, 2013). Sherwood became Director of the Lifespan Health Research Center housing the Fels Longitudinal Study in 2008.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bayesian approach to longitudinal craniofacial growth: The Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study

Sherwood

Valiathan

et al. 2020

The Anatomical Record

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Early in the 20th century, a series of studies were initiated across North America to investigate and characterize childhood growth. The Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study (CGCS) combines craniofacial records from six of those growth studies (15,407 lateral cephalograms from 1,913 individuals; 956 females, 957 males, primarily European descent). Standard cephalometric points collected from the six studies in the CGCS allows direct comparison of craniofacial growth patterns across six North American locations. Three assessors collected all cephalometric points and the coordinates were averaged for each point. Twelve measures were calculated from the averaged coordinates. We implemented a multilevel double logistic equation to estimate growth trajectories fitting each trait separately by sex. Using Bayesian inference, we fit three models for each trait with different random effects structures to compare differences in growth patterns among studies. The models successfully identified important growth milestones (e.g., age at peak growth velocity, age at cessation of growth) for most traits. In a small number of cases, these milestones could not be determined due to truncated age ranges for some studies and slow, steady growth in some measurements. Results demonstrate great similarity among the six growth studies regarding craniofacial growth milestone estimates and the overall shape of the growth curve. These similarities suggest minor variation among studies resulting from differences in protocol, sample, or possible geographic variation. The analyses presented support combining the studies into the CGCS without substantial concerns of bias. The CGCS, therefore, provides an unparalleled opportunity to examine craniofacial growth from childhood into adulthood.

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