Variation in genome size and karyotype among closely related aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae)

Gokhman, Vladimir E.; Kuhn, Kristen L.; Woolley, James B.; Hopper, Keith R.

doi:10.3897/ccompcytogen.v11i1.10872

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Karyotypes and nuclear DNA content could be used as additional determining features for cryptic or very similar species as proposed by Panzera et al or Gokhman et al . In the present study, DAPI‐stained sample/standard peak (Spl/Std) ratio of all species except C. pipistrelli to C. hemipterus ( P = 0.191, Tukey's HSD) and C. pipistrelli to C. hirundinis ( P = 0.989, Tukey's HSD) were significantly different ( P < 0.001, Tukey's HSD), but these species with similar DNA content possess completely different morphology and host specificity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Genome Size and Sex Chromosome Variability of Bed Bugs Feeding on Animal Hosts Compared to Cimex lectularius Parasitizing Human (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

2019

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Genome size and chromosome number of five Cimicidae species were compared with the similar data recently received from Cimex lectularius parasitizing human. The average nuclear DNA content (males) was 2C = 1.47 pg in C. hemipterus, 2C = 1.61 pg in C. hirundinis, 2C = 1.80 pg in C. lectularius from bats, 2C = 1.68 pg in C. pipistrelli, and 2C = 1.22 pg in Paracimex cf. chaeturus. In the genomes of all cimicid species analyzed, the average GC content ranged from 32.74% in C. pipistrelli to 35.87% in P. cf. chaeturus. Chromosome variability with two male cytotypes, 2n = 28 + X 1 X 2 Y and 28 + X 1 X 2 X 3 Y, was confirmed in C. pipistrelli. In addition, intraspecific variability in chromosome number was revealed in C. lectularius from bats with 2n = 26 + X 1 X 2 Y and 26 + X 1 X 2 X 3 Y. We suggest that the origin of intraspecific variability in chromosome number of C. lectularius from bats and C. pipistrelli is not only the result of simple fragmentation, but additive rearrangements like duplications are probably also involved.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Genome Size and Sex Chromosome Variability of Bed Bugs Feeding on Animal Hosts Compared to Cimex lectularius Parasitizing Human (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

2019

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“…Chromosome preparations were obtained from cerebral ganglia of male and female prepupae of L.distinguendus following the protocol developed by Imai et al (1988) with a few modifications (see e.g. Gokhman et al 2017). Specifically, ganglia were extracted from insects dissected in 0.5% hypotonic sodium citrate solution containing 0.005% colchicine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and cytogenetic differentiation within the Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster, 1841) species complex (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae)

König¹,

Paschke²,

Pollmann³

et al. 2019

CCG

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Several strains of the apparently well-known cosmopolitan synanthropic parasitoid of coleopteran stored-product pests, Lariophagusdistinguendus (Förster, 1841) from Western Europe, were studied using DNA sequencing and chromosomal analysis. The presence of at least two cryptic species with different COI sequences and chromosome numbers (n = 5 and 6) was supported. The species with n = 6 is associated with the drugstore beetle Stegobiumpaniceum (Linnaeus, 1758), whereas the other one with n = 5 mostly develops on the granary weevil Sitophilusgranarius (Linnaeus, 1758). A phylogenetic study revealed that the karyotype with n = 6 represents an ancestral character state in this complex. Consequently, the chromosome set with n = 5 which is characteristic of a particular internal clade, apparently originated via chromosomal fusion which was probably preceded by a pericentric inversion. If this is true, inverted chromosome segments could accumulate a number of genetic loci responsible for certain interspecific differences.

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“…With 30 Gb of paired‐end Illumina data and 103x coverage, our assembly of the A. certus genome was 290 Mb long, which is 20% smaller than the 361 Mb genome size estimated from flow cytometry (Gokhman, Kuhn, Woolley, & Hopper, ). The assembly had an N 50 of 15 Kb and had 34 k contigs with lengths ≥1 Kb.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Counties not countries: Variation in host specificity among populations of an aphid parasitoid

Hopper

Oppenheim

Kuhn

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Applications

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Parasitic wasps are among the most species‐rich groups on Earth. A major cause of this diversity may be local adaptation to host species. However, little is known about variation in host specificity among populations within parasitoid species. Not only is such knowledge important for understanding host‐driven speciation, but because parasitoids often control pest insects and narrow host ranges are critical for the safety of biological control introductions, understanding variation in specificity and how it arises are crucial applications in evolutionary biology. Here, we report experiments on variation in host specificity among 16 populations of an aphid parasitoid, Aphelinus certus . We addressed several questions about local adaptation: Do parasitoid populations differ in host ranges or in levels of parasitism of aphid species within their host range? Are differences in parasitism among parasitoid populations related to geographical distance, suggesting clinal variation in abundances of aphid species? Or do nearby parasitoid populations differ in host use, as would be expected if differences in aphid abundances, and thus selection, were mosaic? Are differences in parasitism among parasitoid populations related to genetic distances among them? To answer these questions, we measured parasitism of a taxonomically diverse group of aphid species in laboratory experiments. Host range was the same for all the parasitoid populations, but levels of parasitism varied among aphid species, suggesting adaptation to locally abundant aphids. Differences in host specificity did not correlate with geographical distances among parasitoid populations, suggesting that local adaption is mosaic rather than clinal, with a spatial scale of less than 50 kilometers. We sequenced and assembled the genome of A. certus , made reduced‐representation libraries for each population, analyzed for single nucleotide polymorphisms, and used these polymorphisms to estimate genetic differentiation among populations. Differences in host specificity correlated with genetic distances among the parasitoid populations.

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Variation in genome size and karyotype among closely related aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae)

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Genome Size and Sex Chromosome Variability of Bed Bugs Feeding on Animal Hosts Compared to Cimex lectularius Parasitizing Human (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

Genome Size and Sex Chromosome Variability of Bed Bugs Feeding on Animal Hosts Compared to Cimex lectularius Parasitizing Human (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

Molecular and cytogenetic differentiation within the Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster, 1841) species complex (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae)

Counties not countries: Variation in host specificity among populations of an aphid parasitoid

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