Variation in Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Quality of Wheat under the Application of Different Zinc Coated Formulations

Nazir, Qudsia; Wang, Xiukang; Hussain, Azhar; Ditta, Allah; Aimen, Ayesha; Saleem, Ifra; Naveed, Muhammad; Aziz, Tariq; Mustafa, Adnan; Panpluem, Nalun

doi:10.3390/app11114797

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Nitrogen (N) is the basic component of chlorophyll molecules and is necessary for its production in plants. As such, these minerals help the bacteria to live and the plant to grow sustainably [67][68][69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Carrier Materials on the Growth and Yield of Spinach under Pot and Field Experimental Conditions

et al. 2022

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Long-term use of chemical fertilizers is affecting the environment, soil quality, and biodiversity. Organic agriculture is gaining global attention by using microbial-based biofertilizers. Carriers protect microbes by providing nutrition, energy, and suitable conditions for their survival while entering the natural environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of different carrier materials to enhance the yield and the quality of spinach and to select the best carrier material for spinach biofertilizer. Three pre-isolated and characterized bacterial strains (AN-35, ZM-27, and ZM-63) were tested for their compatibility and used in this experiment through seed inoculation with organic carriers, i.e., compost, peat, press mud, biochar, and charcoal. A pot experiment and a field experiment were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different organic carriers. The results of the pot study showed a significant increase in spinach growth, i.e., shoot length (25%), shoot fresh weight (24%), root length (25%), and root fresh weight (29%), spinach nutrition, i.e., nitrogen (18%), phosphorus (22%), potassium (15%), iron (17%), and zinc (14%), spinach physiology, i.e., relative water content (27%), chlorophyll content (9%), and the membrane stability index (28%) under peat coated treatments with 24% more soil microbial populations compared to the control. Similarly, in the field experiment, peat coating significantly enhanced spinach growth, i.e., shoot length (29%), shoot fresh weight (23%), root length (16%), and root fresh weight (24.7%), spinach nutrition, i.e., nitrogen (16%), phosphorus (19%), potassium (15%), iron (17%), and zinc (23%), spinach physiology, i.e., relative water content (28%), chlorophyll content (13%) and the membrane stability index (32%), and spinach yield per hectare (30%), as well as producing 20% higher soil microbial populations. From these results, it is concluded that peat is a good carrier material for biofertilizer production as it not only enhances crop production but also the microbial number, in addition to improving soil quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Carrier Materials on the Growth and Yield of Spinach under Pot and Field Experimental Conditions

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of Zn fertilizer, such as zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ), is a quite effective method to correct the deficiency of Zn and further improve in grain yield and increase grain Zn concentration (Khan et al, 2003;Rehman et al, 2018). Zn application methods mainly include soil application, foliar application, seed priming, and seed coating (Nadeem and Farooq, 2019;Nazir et al, 2021). Recent research has found Abbreviations: TN, soil total nitrogen; AN, soil available nitrogen; TP, soil total phosphorus; TK, soil total potassium; CEC, soil cation exchange capacity; SOC, soil organic carbon; AZ, soil available zinc; PCoA, principal coordinate analysis; RDA, redundancy analysis; LEfSe, linear discriminant analysis effect size; LDA, linear discriminant analysis; OTU, operational taxonomic unit; HHZ, NJ908 and ND9925, Huanghuazhan (Japonica rice), Nanjing-9108 (Japonica rice), and Nuodao99-25 (glutinous rice); ZS0 and ZS2, treatments without added basal zinc fertilizer and with basal zinc fertilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial mechanism of zinc fertilizer input on rice grain yield and zinc content of polished rice

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Zinc is an essential minor element for rice growth and human health, which can also change the structure of the microorganisms. However, it remains unclear for the effects of zinc fertilizer on microbiome function in agricultural soils and crops. To solve this research gap, we investigated the relationship between improving rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield, Zn concentration, soil microbial community diversity, and function by the application of Zn fertilizer. The field trials included three rice varieties (Huanghuazhan, Nanjing9108, and Nuodao-9925) and two soil Zn levels (0 and 30 kg ha–1) in Jiangsu province, China. As a test, we studied the variety of soil bacterial composition, diversity, and function using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that soil Zn application reduced the diversity of microbial community, but the bacterial network was more closely linked, and the metabolic function of bacterial community was improved, which increased the grain yield (17.34–19.52%) and enriched the Zn content of polished rice (1.40–20.05%). Specifically, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Mantel’s test results revealed soil total nitrogen (TN) was the primary driver that led to a community shift in the rice rhizosphere bacterial community, and soil organic carbon (SOC) was considered to have a strong influence on dominant phyla. Furthermore, network analysis indicated the most critical bacterial taxa were identified as Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Chloroflexi based on their topological roles of microorganisms. KEGG metabolic pathway prediction demonstrated that soil Zn application significantly (p < 0.05) improved lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and xenobiotic biodegradation. Overall, their positive effects were different among rice varieties, of which Nanjing-9108 (NJ9108) performed better. This study opens new avenues to deeply understand the plant and soil–microbe interactions by the application of fertilizer and further navigates the development of Zn-rich rice cultivation strategies.

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“…The use of nitrogen in combination with zinc, such as zinc-coated urea, minimizes the negative effects of high temperatures in plants to a certain extent (Raj et al, 2015). Heat stress in plants may be alleviated by providing Zn through Zn-coated urea, which boosts Zn levels in various plant sections; Zn increases ABA concentration, which in turn, strengthens the plant's defense system (Nazir et al, 2021). The kinetics of Zn-coated urea in the soil is altered by high temperatures, which has a detrimental impact on ZnCU efficiency (Nazir et al, 2021).…”

Section: E Ect Of Temperature On Availability Of Coated Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinc-coated urea increased grain yield by around 28% and is quite effective toward plant physiological attributes (Nazir et al, 2021). As compared to prilled urea, 29% of rice production was increased by the use of zinc-coated urea (Shivay et al, 2019).…”

Section: Enhancement Of Yield Through the Application Of Nutrient-coa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency using sulfur and zinc-coated urea: A review

et al. 2022

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Nitrogen (N) is an important macro-nutrient required for crop production and is considered an important commodity for agricultural systems. Urea is a vital source of N that is used widely across the globe to meet crop N requirements. However, N applied in the form of urea is mostly lost in soil, posing serious economic and environmental issues. Therefore, different approaches such as the application of urea coated with different substances are used worldwide to reduce N losses. Urea coating is considered an imperative approach to enhance crop production and reduce the corresponding nitrogen losses along with its impact on the environment. In addition, given the serious food security challenges in meeting the current and future demands for food, the best agricultural management strategy to enhance food production have led to methods that involve coating urea with different nutrients such as sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn). Coated urea has a slow-release mechanism and remains in the soil for a longer period to meet the demand of crop plants and increases nitrogen use efficiency, growth, yield, and grain quality. These nutrient-coated urea reduce nitrogen losses (volatilization, leaching, and N2O) and save the environment from degradation. Sulfur and zinc-coated urea also reduce nutrient deficiencies and have synergetic effects with other macro and micronutrients in the crop. This study discusses the dynamics of sulfur and zinc-coated urea in soil, their impact on crop production, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), the residual and toxic effects of coated urea, and the constraints of adopting coated fertilizers. Additionally, we also shed light on agronomic and molecular approaches to enhance NUE for better crop productivity to meet food security challenges.

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Variation in Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Quality of Wheat under the Application of Different Zinc Coated Formulations

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

The Effect of Different Carrier Materials on the Growth and Yield of Spinach under Pot and Field Experimental Conditions

The Effect of Different Carrier Materials on the Growth and Yield of Spinach under Pot and Field Experimental Conditions

Microbial mechanism of zinc fertilizer input on rice grain yield and zinc content of polished rice

Improving crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency using sulfur and zinc-coated urea: A review

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