Variation in morphological characters, chemical composition, and anthocyanin content of different Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars from Iran

Hodaei, Mahboobeh; Rahimmalek, Mehdi; Arzani, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.bse.2017.07.001

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Other pairs of variables were inevitably correlated, such as inflorescence diameter and fresh weight (Table 4 ). As noted before, more morphological traits will be considered in future research, such as pollen and seed morphological characteristics, presence of chemical compounds such as pyrethrin, ploidy and/or reproductive barrier(s) [ 6 , 18 , 30 ]. A thorough cytological study would be useful with this expansive germplasm collection within the C. arcticum species complex, since reported ploidy levels differ and differing levels may be diagnostic traits for the species and subspecies [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic differences among and within extant populations of Chrysanthemum arcticum L. and C. a. subsp. arcticum

Liu

Anderson

2022

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Chrysanthemum arcticum, arctic daisy and its two subspecies (Chrysanthemum arcticum subsp. arcticum, Chrysanthemum arcticum subsp. polaré) are the only chrysanthemum species native to North America. A study on species’ variation in morphological and diagnostic traits is important to link morphological traits with previously described single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, particularly when the genomes are sequenced. The purpose of this study was to establish phenotypic differences and soil conditions among wild C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum populations, when grown in a uniform environment for two years, for potential linkages with our SNP library. Sixteen quantitative morphological traits and five qualitative morphological traits were investigated for 255 individuals from nine C. arcticum populations and 326 individuals from 21 C. a. subsp. arcticum populations. Results In long-day controlled environment, C. arcticum flowering rate was 0% in Year 1, increased to 2.7% in Year 2, while C. a. subsp. arcticum flowering rate was 98.5% in Year 2. Two distinct clusters, distributed by taxonomic classification, were detected by Principal component analysis (PCoA) for 551 individuals from C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis indicated a positive and significant correlation between plant height, flower fresh and dry weights. Flower fresh weights were correlated with Δflower weight, while inflorescence length had showed a negative correlation with leaf number. Soil samples had high Na levels along with heavy metals. Thus, the species are salt-tolerant. Conclusion A high level of salt tolerance (Na) is tolerated by these maritime species which is a unique trait in Chrysanthemum. A new diagnostic trait of inflorescence length was discovered to distinguish among C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum. Significant flowering differences occurred among the species C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum under same photoperiodic environment, including flowering rates and visible bud date. This study on the species’ variation in morphological and diagnostic traits is of importance to link morphological traits with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic differences among and within extant populations of Chrysanthemum arcticum L. and C. a. subsp. arcticum

Liu

Anderson

2022

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Previous studies on chrysanthemum species and cultivar variation based on morphological characteristics, tended to focus on speci c morphological traits with ornamental market value, such as in orescence morphology and chemical composition [36][37][38][39] or descriptive traits for U.S. plant patents of plant breeder's rights [22,23]. The extensive morphological data sets, especially on qualitative and quantitative traits that best discriminate between species and populations of C. arcticum, C. a. subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other pairs of variables were inevitably correlated, such as in orescence diameter and fresh weight (Table 4). As noted before, more morphological traits will be considered in the future research, such as pollen and seed morphological characteristics, presence of chemical compounds such as pyrethrin, ploidy and/or reproductive barrier(s) [6,18,37]. A thorough cytological study would be useful with this expansive germplasm collection within the C. arcticum species complex, since reported ploidy levels differ and differing levels may be diagnostic traits for the species and subspecies [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Differences Among and Within Extant Populations of Chrysanthemum Arcticum L. and C. a. Subsp. Arcticum

Liu¹,

Anderson²

2020

Preprint

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Background. Chrysanthemum arcticum, Arctic daisy and its two subspecies (C. arcticum subsp. arcticum, C. arcticum subsp. polaré) are the only chrysanthemum species native to North America. A study on species’ variation in morphological and diagnostic traits is important to link morphological traits with previously described single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, particularly when the genomes are sequenced. The purpose of this study was to establish phenotypic differences and soil conditions among wild C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum populations, when grown in a uniform environment, for potential linkages with our SNP library. Sixteen quantitative morphological traits and five qualitative morphological traits were investigated for 255 individuals from nine C. arcticum populations and 326 individuals from 21 C. a. subsp. arcticum populations.Results. While 100% of the C. a. subsp. arcticum individuals flowered under long days, 0% of the C. arcticum individuals flowered in 2018 while only 2.7% flowered in 2019. Two distinct clusters, distributed by taxonomic classification, were detected by Principal component analysis (PCoA) for 551 individuals from C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis indicated a positive and significant correlation between plant height, flower fresh and dry weights. Flower fresh weights were correlated with Δflower weight, while inflorescence length had showed a negative correlation with leaf number. Soil samples had high Na levels along with heavy metals. Thus, the species are salt-tolerant.Conclusion. A high level of salt tolerance (Na) is tolerated by these maritime species which is a unique trait in Chrysanthemum. A new diagnostic trait of inflorescence length was discovered to distinguish among C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum. Significant flowering differences occurred among the species wherein C. a. subsp. arcticum had 100% flowering in long days whereas C. arcticum had 0% to 3.1%. The mean number of weeks to visible bud date in C. a. subsp. arcticum is the fastest (2.2 wks.) ever reported in Chrysanthemum, in contrast with C. arcticum which is the longest (65.3-69.4 wks.). This study on the species’ variation in morphological and diagnostic traits is of importance to link morphological traits with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.

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“…High accumulation of sesquiterpenes such as germacrene D and β-caryophyllene in comparison with monoterpenes might probably be the result of early harvesting of the samples. Rahimmalek et al (2009) and Hodaei et al (2017) also highlighted these form of the accumulation in the genus of Achillea and Chrysanthemum, respectively. Furthermore, they also attributed these kind of accumulation to the precursor ow in young organs with higher intensive growth than old ones and the distribution of precursors between the cytoplasm (the site of sesquiterpenes synthesis) and plastids (the site of monoterpenes synthesis).…”

Section: Essential Oil Compositionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Variation in phytochemical properties and expression of key genes involved in biosynthesis of hypericin using nano-capsulated and normal hormones in Hypericum perforatum L

Ghodrati

Kachoie

Gharibi³

2021

Preprint

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Hypericum perforatum is a valuable medicinal plant with anti-depressant activity. Hypericin is the major compound responsible for such activity. In the present study, the effect of four nano-capsulated hormones of 2,4-epibrassinolide, spermidine, salycilic acid and cycocel were investigated on the amount of hypericin based on HPLC analysis in two locations (Saman and Isfahan). For each hormone, the normal form was also compared with nano form. The expression patterns of the key genes (Hyp-1, pks1, pks2) for hypericin production was also evaluated using qRT-PCR. Moreover, GC-MS analysis was also performed for determination of the compounds in studied treatments. The major compounds were germacrene D (3.29–33.53%), β-caryophyllene (0-4.08) and α-longipinene (0-24.05%). In most cases, nano-hormones led to increase in these components. Significant changes were obtained in expression of key genes in hypericin synthesis as a result of nano-hormones treatments in Isfahan site. Overall, nano-hormones revealed higher increase in expression of all genes as compared with normal hormones in this site. The expression of Hyp-1, Pks1 and Pks2 was significantly increased using spermidine, 24-epibrassinolide and cycocel in Isfahan location in both nano-hormones and normal ones, while the expression of Hyp-1 was decreased in SA treatment in Isfahan location. Based on HPLC analysis, hypericin ranged from 0.21 in control to 0.51 mg 100 g− 1 DW in nano-SA in Isfahan site. Finally, the expression of the key genes were mostly elevated in colder climates and nano-form formulation.

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Variation in morphological characters, chemical composition, and anthocyanin content of different Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars from Iran

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Phenotypic differences among and within extant populations of Chrysanthemum arcticum L. and C. a. subsp. arcticum

Phenotypic differences among and within extant populations of Chrysanthemum arcticum L. and C. a. subsp. arcticum

Phenotypic Differences Among and Within Extant Populations of Chrysanthemum Arcticum L. and C. a. Subsp. Arcticum

Variation in phytochemical properties and expression of key genes involved in biosynthesis of hypericin using nano-capsulated and normal hormones in Hypericum perforatum L

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