Variations in Attachments and Nerve Supply of Third Head of Biceps Brachii: A Study in South Indian Population

Accessory heads of the biceps brachii muscle: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…The accessory heads express a wide spectrum of possible origins. A total of 69 studies (9054 upper limbs) provided detailed description of the various origin sites (Adachi, 1909; Agarwal & Gopal, 2020; Al‐Kushi, 2013; Asvat et al, 1993; Avadhani & Chakravarthi, 2012; Bagoji et al, 2014; Ballesteros et al, 2014; Bharambe et al, 2015; Chandrupatla & Sultana, 2016; Chauhan, 2010; Cheema & Singla, 2011; Chitra & Kalaiyarasi, 2016; Cucca et al, 2010; da Silva, 2016; da Silva Leal, 1926; Duran & Arquez, 2016; Gheno et al, 2010; Gindha et al, 2015; Greig et al, 1952; Guerrero et al, 2018; Gupta & D'Souza, 2014; Gupta et al, 2020; Ilayperuma et al, 2011; Kervancioglu & Orhan, 2011; Khaledpour, 1985; Kopuz et al, 1999; Kosugi et al, 1992; Kumar et al, 2008; Kumar et al, 2012; Kumar & Baidya, 2018; Le Double, 1897; Lee, 2013; Lingaswamy et al, 2015; Manoj et al, 2012; Mantraratnam & Bhattam, 2016; Morampuri et al, 2015; Mori, 1964; Nalluri et al, 2016; Nasr & Hussein, 2013; Nayak et al, 2006; Neto et al, 1998; Patel et al, 2016; Pathak et al, 2016; Poudel & Bhattarai, 2009; Radhika et al, 2017; Rai et al, 2007; Ravi et al, 2020; Rincon et al, 2002; Rodriguez‐Niedenführ et al, 2003; Ruiz et al, 2017; Salve et al, 2013; Sandeep et al, 2012; Sato, 1969; Sawant et al, 2012; Schwerdtf...…”

“…The side distribution was sufficiently described in 51 studies (5877 upper limbs) (Agarwal & Gopal, 2020; Al‐Kushi, 2013; Asvat et al, 1993; Avadhani & Chakravarthi, 2012; Bagoji et al, 2014; Ballesteros et al, 2014; Bharambe et al, 2015; Chandrupatla & Sultana, 2016; Chauhan, 2010; Cheema & Singla, 2011; Chitra & Kalaiyarasi, 2016; da Silva, 2016; Duran & Arquez, 2016; Gindha et al, 2015; Guerrero et al, 2018; Gupta & D'Souza, 2014; Gupta et al, 2020; Kervancioglu & Orhan, 2011; Khaledpour, 1985; Kopuz et al, 1999; Kosugi et al, 1992; Kudo & Bando, 1965; Kumar et al, 2008; Kumar et al, 2012; Kumar & Baidya, 2018; Lingaswamy et al, 2015; Manoj et al, 2012; Mantraratnam & Bhattam, 2016; Morampuri et al, 2015; Nalluri et al, 2016; Nasr & Hussein, 2013; Nayak et al, 2006; Patel et al, 2016; Pathak et al, 2016; Poudel & Bhattarai, 2009; Radhika et al, 2017; Rai et al, 2007; Ravi et al, 2020; Rodriguez‐Niedenführ et al, 2003; Salve et al, 2013; Sandeep et al, 2012; Sato, 1969; Schwalbe & Pfitzner, 1894; Sthapak et al, 2016; Sugavasi et al, 2015; Suhani et al, 2013; Tenchini, 1879; Ughade et al, 2012; Varlekar et al, 2011; Verma & Sakthivel, 2019; Wahengbam et al, 2015; Zlabek, 1933). The accessory heads occur on the right side with an overall prevalence of 3.4% (95% CI 2–4%), and 3.2% (95% CI 2–4%) on the left side (Table…”

“…Further analysis of 46 studies (4782 upper limbs) showed that accessory heads are found more frequently unilaterally (4.4%; 96% CI 3–6%) than bilaterally (2.6%; 95% CI 2–3%) (Al‐Kushi, 2013; Asvat et al, 1993; Avadhani & Chakravarthi, 2012; Bagoji et al, 2014; Ballesteros et al, 2014; Chandrupatla & Sultana, 2016; Chauhan, 2010; Cheema & Singla, 2011; Chitra & Kalaiyarasi, 2016; da Silva, 2016; da Silva Leal, 1926; Duran & Arquez, 2016; Gindha et al, 2015; Guerrero et al, 2018; Gupta & D'Souza, 2014; Gupta et al, 2020; Kervancioglu & Orhan, 2011; Kopuz et al, 1999; Kosugi et al, 1992; Kumar et al, 2008; Kumar et al, 2012; Kumar & Baidya, 2018; Le Double, 1897; Lingaswamy et al, 2015; Manoj et al, 2012; Mantraratnam & Bhattam, 2016; Morampuri et al, 2015; Nalluri et al, 2016; Nayak et al, 2006; Patel et al, 2016; Pathak et al, 2016; Poudel & Bhattarai, 2009; Radhika et al, 2017; Ravi et al, 2020; Salve et al, 2013; Sandeep et al, 2012; Sawant et al, 2012; Schwerdtfeger et al, 2018; Shalini & Anupama, 2013; Sthapak et al, 2016; Sugavasi et al, 2015; Suhani et al, 2013; Techataweewan et al, 2016; Ughade et al, 2012; Varlekar et al, 2011; Wahengbam et al, 2015). Detailed results are shown in Table 3.…”

“…A total of 42 studies (271 upper limbs with accessory heads) reported data on the innervation of the accessory heads of the biceps brachii muscle (Agarwal & Gopal, 2020; Al‐Kushi, 2013; Asvat et al, 1993; Ballesteros et al, 2014; Bharambe et al, 2015; Chandrupatla & Sultana, 2016; Chauhan, 2010; Cheema & Singla, 2011; Chitra & Kalaiyarasi, 2016; Duran & Arquez, 2016; Gindha et al, 2015; Gupta et al, 2020; Ilayperuma et al, 2011; Kervancioglu & Orhan, 2011; Kumar et al, 2008; Kumar et al, 2012; Kumar & Baidya, 2018; Lee, 2013; Lingaswamy et al, 2015; Manoj et al, 2012; Mantraratnam & Bhattam, 2016; Morampuri et al, 2015; Nalluri et al, 2016; Nayak et al, 2006; Patel et al, 2016; Pathak et al, 2016; Poudel & Bhattarai, 2009; Ravi et al, 2020; Rincon et al, 2002; Rodriguez‐Niedenführ et al, 2003; Ruiz et al, 2017; Salve et al, 2013; Sawant et al, 2012; Schwerdtfeger et al, 2018; Sthapak et al, 2016; Sugavasi et al, 2015; Suhani et al, 2013; Tenchini, 1879; Ughade et al, 2012; Varlekar et al, 2011; Verma & Sakthivel, 2019; Wahengbam et al, 2015). The accessory head most commonly receives innervation from the musculocutaneous nerve (94.4%; 95% CI 89–99%).…”

“…The data on the blood supply of the accessory heads were extracted from 16 studies (105 upper limbs with accessory heads) (Bharambe et al, 2015; Cheema & Singla, 2011; Duran & Arquez, 2016; Gindha et al, 2015; Ilayperuma et al, 2011; Lee, 2013; Nalluri et al, 2016; Nayak et al, 2006; Poudel & Bhattarai, 2009; Rincon et al, 2002; Rodriguez‐Niedenführ et al, 2003; Ruiz et al, 2017; Salve et al, 2013; Sawant et al, 2012; Tenchini, 1879; Varlekar et al, 2011). The most common source of the arterial supply is via direct branches from the brachial artery (97.7%; 95% CI 93–100%).…”