Variations in Indonesian cooking instructions: A register analysis of spoken and written online user-generated content

Abstract

Cooking instructions, both written and spoken, are some of the most recognizable types of text. In this paper, the authors outline the characteristics of spoken and written cooking instructions as well as the differences between the two, focusing specifically on online user-generated content, which has proliferated in the last two decades. The study applies register analysis to spoken and written sample texts from TikTok and Cookpad. The study finds that the two types of texts share most of the situational characteristics but differ in the occurrences of certain linguistic features such as verb forms and pronouns. This preliminary study may serve as a foundation for further research on the topic of online language registers, especially on written and spoken cooking instructions.