Variations in mortality and life expectation

Leser, C. E. V.

doi:10.1080/00324728.1955.10405052

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Here, we measure average length of life by life expectancy, and we analyze the distribution of life spans with three different indicators of life span equality. These indicators are variants of 1) the life table entropy, 2) the Gini coefficient, and 3) the coefficient of variation of the age-at-death distribution (28,29). Other indicators of absolute dispersion in life spans exist, such as the variance of the age-at-death distribution, its SD, or life years lost due to death (30,31).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, deaths were concentrated at young and working ages, mainly due to infectious diseases and to Box 1. The Threshold Age and the Life Expectancy at Birth Life span equality measured by h refers to an indicator closely related to the life table entropy, which was first developed by Leser (29) and further explored by Demetrius (62), Keyfitz (42), and Keyfitz and Golini (63). The life table entropy is a dimensionless indicator of the relative variation in the length of life compared to life expectancy at birth, and can be expressed as follows:…”

Section: How Strong Is the Relationship Between Life Expectancy And Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variant of the life table entropy: h. A measure of life span inequality is the life table entropy H (29,62,63), which can be defined as follows:…”

Section: Contributions To Mathematical Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of life expectancy and life span equality

Aburto

Villavicencio

Basellini

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

198

189

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As people live longer, ages at death are becoming more similar. This dual advance over the last two centuries, a central aim of public health policies, is a major achievement of modern civilization. Some recent exceptions to the joint rise of life expectancy and life span equality, however, make it difficult to determine the underlying causes of this relationship. Here, we develop a unifying framework to study life expectancy and life span equality over time, relying on concepts about the pace and shape of aging. We study the dynamic relationship between life expectancy and life span equality with reliable data from the Human Mortality Database for 49 countries and regions with emphasis on the long time series from Sweden. Our results demonstrate that both changes in life expectancy and life span equality are weighted totals of rates of progress in reducing mortality. This finding holds for three different measures of the variability of life spans. The weights evolve over time and indicate the ages at which reductions in mortality increase life expectancy and life span equality: the more progress at the youngest ages, the tighter the relationship. The link between life expectancy and life span equality is especially strong when life expectancy is less than 70 y. In recent decades, life expectancy and life span equality have occasionally moved in opposite directions due to larger improvements in mortality at older ages or a slowdown in declines in midlife mortality. Saving lives at ages below life expectancy is the key to increasing both life expectancy and life span equality.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Strong Is the Relationship Between Life Expectancy And Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of life expectancy and life span equality

Aburto

Villavicencio

Basellini

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

198

189

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“…This was first derived by Leser (1955), and was restated by Keyfitz (1977aKeyfitz ( ,1977b in a continuous formulation. Mitra (1978), Goldman and Lord (1986) and Vaupel (1986) independently derived the mathematical expression for life disparity e † , and showed that H = e † /e 0 .…”

Section: History and Related Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variance in age at death equals average squared remaining life expectancy at death

Wrycza¹

2014

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDVariance in life span σ 2 and life expectancy lost due to death e † are important demographic indicators of life disparity. OBJECTIVE I show that the variance in age at death equals the average squared remaining life expectancy at death. Based on this finding, I also show that the average squared difference in remaining life expectancy at death equals the difference between σ 2 and e † 2 . COMMENTSCalculations of some of the quantities involved for the Gompertz-Makeham mortality model with varying parameters produce complex patterns.

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“…This was first derived by Leser (1955), and was restated by Keyfitz (1977aKeyfitz ( , 1977b in continuous formulation. Demetrius (1974Demetrius ( , 1975Demetrius ( , 1976Demetrius ( , 1979 applied information theory in both biology and demography, andH was one of the quantities he used.…”

Section: History and Related Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%