Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women

Lew, Edward A.; Garfinkel, Lawrence

doi:10.1016/0021-9681(79)90119-x

Cited by 1,054 publications

(389 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Evidence has long suggested that people with excess body weight are at higher risk of colorectal cancer (Lew and Garfinkel, 1979;Nomura et al, 1985;Albanes and Taylor, 1990). Our study, as well as others (Garfinkel, 1985;Wu et al, 1987;Russo et al, 1998;Robsahm and Tretli, 1999;Murphy et al, 2000), shows a positive association between the risk of colon cancer of BMI in men but not in women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study

et al. 2003

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Colorectal cancer incidence in relation to body size, smoking, and alcohol consumption was studied in a cohort of 29 051 city residents of Japan. In 1992, each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, drinking, cigarette smoking, diet, exercise, and reproductive and medical histories. The response rate was 92%. From 1993 to 2000, 161 men and 134 women were diagnosed with colorectal cancer at two major hospitals in the city. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using Cox proportional hazard models. A positive relation between height and colorectal cancer was seen in both sexes, controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking habits, and years of education. The findings were statistically significant only for men (relative risk 2.13 for the tallest compared with the shortest height tertile; 95% confidence interval ¼ 1.26 -3.58). Body mass index was also associated positively with colon cancer risk for men, whereas the pattern for women was not clear. There was a positive association between pack-years of cigarette smoking and the risk of rectal cancer in men. A positive dose -response relation between alcohol consumption and colon cancer risk was observed for men and women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study

et al. 2003

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“…Another concern is that not all published studies provided results that could be included in the summary analysis. In our analysis, 9 of the identified studies (Wynder et al, 1974;Lew and Garfinkel, 1979;Whittemore et al, 1984;Yu et al, 1986;Kadamani et al, 1989;Maclure and Willett, 1990;Partanen et al, 1991;Mellemgaard et al, 1991;Finkle et al, 1993) could not be included due to insufficient presented data. However, this is not likely to bias the observed association, since all but one of these studies (Wynder et al, 1974) indicated an increased risk of renal cell cancer among obese persons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…possible to compute these values. We excluded 9 studies (Wynder et al, 1974;Lew and Garfinkel, 1979;Whittemore et al, 1984;Yu et al, 1986;Kadamani et al, 1989;Maclure and Willett, 1990;Mellemgaard et al, 1991;Partanen et al, 1991;Finkle et al, 1993) since they did not assess obesity in a comparable way, or present their results in sufficient detail. …”

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confidence: 99%

Obesity and renal cell cancer – a quantitative review

et al. 2001

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Although many epidemiological studies have shown that obesity increases the risk of renal cell cancer among women, the evidence for men is considered weaker (Wolk et al, 1996;McLaughlin and Lipworth, 2000).The incidence of renal cell cancer, the predominant type of kidney cancer, has been increasing both in the US and in most Western countries (Black et al, 1997;Liu et al, 1997). Today, renal cell cancer accounts for about 2% of cancers in the US (Landis et al, 1999), as well as worldwide (Parkin, 1998), with 30 000 cases occurring in the US in 1999 (Landis et al, 1999). The incidence varies more than 10-fold over the world. The highest rates are found in North America and Europe and the lowest in Asia (Parkin, 1998). Renal cell cancer occurs about twice as often among men, as among women.Obesity has also been increasing throughout the world. More than half of the adult US population is considered to have an excess weight (body mass index, BMI ≥ 25.0 kg m -2 ) and nearly one quarter are clinically obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg m -2 ) (Flegal et al, 1998). The increasing prevalence of obesity might therefore, at least partly, explain the increasing incidence of renal cell cancer.The purpose of this review was to evaluate the existing evidence that obesity increases the risk of renal cell cancer among both men and women. We conducted a quantitative summary analysis to estimate the magnitude of the association taking into account sex and different study characteristics, such as study design and size. We also investigated the possible effect modification between obesity and these factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature reviewWe identified studies investigating the relation between obesity and kidney cancer, available in MEDLINE 1966 through 1998. We used the MeSH-terms 'kidney neoplasms' plus 'obesity', 'body weight' or 'body mass index' and selected original epidemiological studies. Additional studies were identified from systematical examinations of the list of references in the identified articles and previous reviews (Wolk et al, 1996;McLaughlin and Lipworth, 2000). Inclusion criteriaIn adults, cancer of the kidney is classified as either cancer of the parenchyma (renal cell) or the renal pelvis. In many descriptive and some analytic studies tumours of the renal parenchyma and the renal pelvis are combined and the term kidney cancer is used. Since renal cell cancer is the predominant type, responsible for more than 80% of all adult kidney neoplasms (Devesa et al, 1990), studies unable to disentangle the 2 entities were included in our review.In total, we identified 30 studies on obesity and renal cell cancer risk published between 1966 and 1998 for our review. Each studybase was eligible only once. When multiple reports were available for the same study-base we chose the one analysing incident renal cell cancer as outcome, and/or defining obesity in terms of body mass index (BMI, kg m -2 ) and in more detail and/or with the greater number of cases. We excluded 6 studies (Whittemore et al, 1985;Lindblad et al, 1994;Mel...

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“…Longitudinal and actuarial evidence from diabetic individuals is not available to indicate an acceptable weight range different from the general population. The mortality risk of diabetic individuals in the American Cancer Association Study (Lew et al, 1979) was dramatically increased when BMI exceeded 25 kg/m 2 . Data from the Nurses Health Study indicates a graded augmentation of risk, as BMI rises above 22 kg/m 2 , which is exaggerated in those with diabetes (Manson et al, 1991).…”

Section: Body Mass Index (Bmi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for the nutritional management of patients with diabetes mellitus

Lean

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women

Cited by 1,054 publications

References 6 publications

Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study

Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study

Obesity and renal cell cancer – a quantitative review

Recommendations for the nutritional management of patients with diabetes mellitus

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