Variations in objectively measured sleep parameters in patients with different premature ejaculation syndromes

Abstract

Background Poor sleep quality is now a cause of sexual dysfunction. Aim To investigate variations in sleep quality among patients with different types of premature ejaculation (PE) and a control group. Methods Patients with PE were categorized into groups according to 4 types: lifelong (LPE), acquired (APE), variable (VPE), and subjective (SPE). Basic demographic information about the participants was first collected, and then clinical data were obtained. Outcomes Outcomes included the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function, Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, self-estimated intravaginal ejaculation latency time (minutes), and sleep monitoring parameters obtained from a wearable device (Fitbit Charge 2). Results A total of 215 participants were enrolled in the study, of which 136 patients with PE were distributed as follows: LPE (31.62%), APE (42.65%), VPE (10.29%), and SPE (15.44%). Subjective scales showed that patients with APE were accompanied by a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction, anxiety, and depression, as well as poorer sleep quality (assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). The results of objective sleep parameters revealed that average durations of sleep onset latency (minutes) and wake after sleep onset (minutes) in patients with APE (mean ± SD; 20.03 ± 9.14, 55 ± 23.15) were significantly higher than those with LPE (15.07 ± 5.19, 45.09 ± 20.14), VPE (13.64 ± 3.73, 38.14 ± 11.53), and SPE (14.81 ± 4.33, 42.86 ± 13.14) and the control group (12.48 ± 3.45, 37.14 ± 15.01; P < .05). The average duration of rapid eye movement (REM; minutes) in patients with APE (71.34 ± 23.18) was significantly lower than that in patients with LPE (79.67 ± 21.53), VPE (85.93 ± 6.93), and SPE (80.86 ± 13.04) and the control group (86.56 ± 11.93; P < .05). Similarly, when compared with the control group, patients with LPE had significantly longer durations of sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset and a significantly shorter duration of REM sleep. Clinical Implications Our study suggests that clinicians should pay attention not only to male physical assessment but also to mental health and sleep quality. Strengths and Limitations This study suggests that changes in sleep structure occur in patients with PE, which may provide some direction for future research. However, the cross-sectional study design does not allow us to conclude that sleep is a risk factor for PE. Conclusion After controlling for traditional parameters such as age, erectile dysfunction, anxiety, and depression, sleep parameters are independently associated with PE. Patients with APE and LPE show significant alterations in sleep parameters, with patients with APE having notably poorer sleep quality, whereas patients with VPE and SPE have sleep parameters similar to controls.