Variations in the chemical composition and morphology of soot induced by the unsaturation degree of biodiesel and a biodiesel blend

Salamanca, Maurin; Mondragón, Fanor; Agudelo, John R.; Benjumea, Pedro; Santamarı́a, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.10.011

Cited by 111 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In some instances, it includes the embedding material (Salamanca et al 2012), and in other instances it does not (Virtanen et al 2004). Consistent with our definition of ns-soot above, we propose that only the aggregates of carbon nanospheres should be termed ns-soot, although many ns-soot particles are coated with or embedded within other materials (e.g., organic matter, sulfate), forming internally mixed particles (Adachi et al 2010).…”

Section: Associated Materials Coating Embeddingsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…The usage of soot in electron microscopy studies (Table 1) commonly agrees with that of the IPCC (Adachi et al 2010). In contrast, in other papers soot consists of BC and other combustion-generated carbonaceous materials (Bond and Bergstrom 2006;Seinfeld and Pandis 2006;Ramanathan and Carmichael 2008;Salamanca et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…There seems to be a broad consensus in the literature that hydrogen is a component of carbon nanospheres, and both spectroscopic methods and electron diffraction indicate the presence of aromatics (Kis et al 2006;Salamanca et al 2012). However, it is unclear how much of the hydrogen, and perhaps small amounts of other non-carbon elements, are essential parts of the nanospheres or simply adventitious.…”

Section: Unresolved Issues Related To Ns-sootmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ns-Soot: A Material-Based Term for Strongly Light-Absorbing Carbonaceous Particles

Buseck

Adachi

Gelencsér

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

105

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The climate-change and environmental literature, including that on aerosols, is replete with mention of black carbon (BC) and soot. The terms are used interchangeably in much of the literature, although BC and soot commonly have operational and source-based definitions, respectively, and reliable reference samples and aerosol standards do not exist for either one. The uncertainty about their exact chemical nature and properties can be decreased by materials-based measurement techniques and terminology. Here, we discuss ambiguities in common uses of BC and soot and propose the term ns-soot, where "ns" refers to carbon nanospheres, for a characteristic constituent of BC and soot. Based on its composition, morphology, and structure, we define ns-soot as particles that consist of nanospheres, typically with diameters <100 nm, that possess distinct structures of concentrically wrapped, graphene-like layers of carbon and with grape-like (aciniform) morphologies. We additionally propose that, because of their importance for climate modeling and health issues, distinctions are made among bare, coated, and embedded ns-soot particles.

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Section: Associated Materials Coating Embeddingsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Unresolved Issues Related To Ns-sootmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ns-Soot: A Material-Based Term for Strongly Light-Absorbing Carbonaceous Particles

Buseck

Adachi

Gelencsér

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, detailed investigations on the physical and chemical properties of the particulate matters (PM) emitted from an engine operating with biodiesel are required to provide fundamental knowledge to address the issues. A review of the literature shows that few works have been carried out on quantifying the nanostructure and oxidation properties of biodiesel soot [3][4][5][6][7][8]. This study focuses on investigating the influence of engine operating modes on the physico-chemical properties of the PM emitted by a diesel engine operating with waste cooking oil biodiesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Diesel Engine Operating Conditions on the Particulate Size, Nanostructure and Oxidation Properties when Using Wasting Cooking Oil Biodiesel

2015

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Present work focuses on the effect of engine operating parameters, including the engine speed and engine load (air/fuel ratio), on the particulate nanostructure and oxidative reactivity when the engine is operated with WCO (waste cooking oil) biodiesel. The particulate samples were collected from the diluted exhaust produced by a medium-duty direct injection diesel engine and were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties via using the high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). The TEM images reveal that larger primary particles are formed at low engine speed and high engine load. The particles with typical inner core-outer shell structure are common at high engine load due to the sufficiently high in-cylinder gas temperature and pressure. Quantitative analysis of the nanostructures indicates stronger effect in engine load than engine speed and more soot with shorter and more curving graphene layer at lower engine load. Furthermore, the results of TGA infer that the soot oxidative reactivity is closely related to the nanostructure and the effect of engine load at constant engine speed is more pronounced than the effect of engine speed.

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“…Principal characteristic peaks revealed FT-IR spectrum of diesel particulate matter sampled from the combustion vessel exhaust.in the spectrum correspond to the C H asymmetric and symmetric stretching of aliphatic groups at 2953 cm −1 , 2923 cm −1 and 2853 cm −1 ; C O stretching of carbonyl groups at 1700 cm −1 ; C C stretching of aromatics and alkenes at 1560 cm −1 ; and aliphatic C H plane deformation of CH 2 /CH 3 groups at 1450 cm −1 and 1380 cm −1[67,68].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-reduced Cu/ZnO composite as efficient reusable catalyst for diesel particulate matter oxidation

Corro¹,

Cebada²,

Pal³

et al. 2015

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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Variations in the chemical composition and morphology of soot induced by the unsaturation degree of biodiesel and a biodiesel blend

Cited by 111 publications

References 35 publications

Ns-Soot: A Material-Based Term for Strongly Light-Absorbing Carbonaceous Particles

Ns-Soot: A Material-Based Term for Strongly Light-Absorbing Carbonaceous Particles

Effect of Diesel Engine Operating Conditions on the Particulate Size, Nanostructure and Oxidation Properties when Using Wasting Cooking Oil Biodiesel

Hydrogen-reduced Cu/ZnO composite as efficient reusable catalyst for diesel particulate matter oxidation

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