Variations in weathering processes and rates with time in a chronosequence of soils from Glen Feshie, Scotland

Bain, D. C.; Mellor, Antony; Robertson-Rintoul, M. S. E.; Buckland, Stephen T.

doi:10.1016/0016-7061(93)90010-i

Cited by 99 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Typically, K is almost entirely present within illite minerals in shale-derived soils, transforming to vermiculite on weathering (Bain et al, 1993). Previous research characterizing the mineralogy of the Rose Hill Formation shale at the SSHCZO reported that illite loses more Fe than chlorite during ridgetop weathering (Yesavage et al, 2012) and is thought to weather before chlorite at this site ( Jin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The transformation of chlorite minerals, and to a lesser extent illite, to vermiculite or HIV complicates the interpretation of the Mg t profiles because unlike Na, Mg can be retained in vermiculite and HIV secondary minerals rather than leaving the profile (Dixon and Weed, 1977;Chapman, 1986;Bain et al, 1993). In other words, it is difficult to interpret the proportion of Mg lost from the weathering of primary chlorite minerals because the weathering-derived Mg is not necessarily removed from the soil profile, but may be retained in vermiculite and HIV, maintaining -1 < t surface < 0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical Transformations and Soil Development in Shale across a Latitudinal Climosequence

Dere¹,

White

April³

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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PedologyTo investigate factors controlling soil formation, we established a climosequence as part of the Susquehanna-Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHCZO) in central Pennsylvania, USA. Sites were located on organic matter-poor, iron-rich Silurian-aged shale in Wales, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, and Puerto Rico, although this last site is underlain by a younger shale. Across the climosequence, mean annual temperature (MAT) increases from 7 to 24°C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranges from 100 to 250 cm. Variations in soil characteristics along the climosequence, including depth, morphology, particle-size distribution, geochemistry, and bulk and clay mineralogy, were characterized to investigate the role of climate in controlling mineral transformations and soil formation. Overall, soil horizonation, depth, clay content, and chemical depletion increase with increasing temperature and precipitation, consistent with enhanced soil development and weathering processes in warmer and wetter locations. Secondary minerals are present at higher concentrations at the warmest sites of the climosequence; kaolinite increases from <5% at northern sites in Wales and Pennsylvania to 30% in Puerto Rico. The deepest observed weathering reaction is plagioclase feldspar dissolution followed by the transformation of chlorite and illite to vermiculite and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite. Plagioclase, although constituting <12% of the initial shale mineralogy, may be the profile initiating reaction that begins shale bedrock transformation to weathered regolith. Weathering of the more abundant chlorite and illite minerals (~70% of initial mineralogy), however, are more likely controlling regolith thickness. Climate appears to play a central role in driving soil formation and mineral weathering reactions across the climosequence.Abbreviations: CZ, critical zone; HIV, hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite; ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy; LGM, last glacial maximum; MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual temperature; MCL, Materials Characterization Laboratory; SRT, soil residence time ; SSHCZO, Susquehanna-Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory; XRD, x-ray diffraction. Q uantifying changes in the critical zone (CZ), especially soil development and function, is important for predicting the future of soils (NRC, 2001). The CZ extends from the top of the vegetation canopy to freshwater aquifers beneath Earth's surface and is the focus of most ecosystem processes that support terrestrial life . Soil formation within the CZ involves complex coupling between physical, chemical, and biological processes that are not well quantified (Amundson, 2004). Efforts to predict how future changes in climate and land use will modify the CZ are ongoing and are important aspects of developing adaptation and management plans for human society (Banwart et al., 2011 Core Ideas• Detailed characterization of the morphology, geochemistry, and mineralogy of shale-derived soils across a climosequenc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Transformations and Soil Development in Shale across a Latitudinal Climosequence

Dere¹,

White

April³

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…This stabilization of the pH corresponds to the first Podzol profile in the chronosequence. Stabilization of pH during podzolization is recorded in the literature (Sauer et al, 2008;Starr and Lindross, 2006;Righi et al, 1999;Birkeland, 1984;Bain et al, 1993;Bockheim, 1980) with the exception of Caner et al (2010). The average pH recorded at the start of podzolization was 4.2 ± 0.4 (Caner et al, 2010;Sauer et al, 2008;Starr and Lindross, 2006;Righi et al, 1999).…”

Section: Dynamics Of Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Can Fe isotope fractionations trace the pedogenetic mechanisms involved in podzolization?

et al. 2017

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oStable Fe isotopes have shown the potential for tracing pedogenetic processes. Large isotopic fractionations were especially observed in Podzols. Nevertheless, a clear link between isotopic fractionation and elementary processes still needs to be established. To spatially distinguish the mechanisms successively involved in pedogenesis, we studied a podzolic chronosequence from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). We analyzed depth variations in soil properties (pH, particle size fractions, organic carbon, Si/Al ratio, Zr, Ti), Fe concentrations in different Fe pools, and Fe isotopic compositions. The Si/Al ratio, Zr, and Ti demonstrated that the Cox Bay Podzols developed from the same parental material, satisfying the requirements of a chronosequence. We showed that acidification, to a pH of 4.7, was a prerequisite for the start of podzolization. This first phase took place after 270 years. Furthermore, we observed that once the required pH was reached (4.7), podzolization occurred rapidly over 50 years. We found that Fe isotope fractionation in the A/E horizon was linked to mineral dissolution, while in the podzolic B horizons this fractionation was clearly associated with the accumulation of Fe-organic complexes and poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides.

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“…Cette ordination livre une image réaliste de la solubilité des minéraux et de la mobilité relative des éléments dans des sols forestiers jeunes et acides. Elle correspond aussi très bien à celles publiées par Bain et al (1993), pour des sols comparables.…”

Section: Les Bilans éLémentaires Holocènes Et Les Taux D'altérationunclassified

Bilans élémentaires holocènes et altération des minéraux dans trois sols forestiers du Québec méridional

Courchesne

Hallé

Turmel

2004

gpq

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RésuméNous avons calculé les flux élémentaires holocènes et le taux d’altération historique dans trois sols forestiers par la méthode du bilan de masse de Brimhallet al. (1991 a, b). Les sols (Hermine : HER ; Rouyn-1 : RN1 ; Rouyn-4 : RN4) se distinguent par leur matériel d’origine et leur niveau d’exposition aux dépôts atmosphériques de métaux traces. L’indice de changement volumétrique (ICV) calculé avec Zr est positif (expansion) dans RN1 et dans les horizons B de HER et est positivement corrélé à la concentration en C organique et en oxydes de Al et Fe. L’analyse des profils permet de dégager trois groupes d’éléments. Un premier groupe (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Si) montre des concentrations qui diminuent de l’horizon C vers la surface du profil en réponse à l’intensification de l’altération des minéraux. Le second groupe (Al, Fe, P, Ti, Cr, Ni) présente des zones d’enrichissement dans les horizons B et des pertes dans le Ae. Ce patron mixte reflète l’effet combiné de la formation d’oxydes (Al, Fe, Ti) et de la rétention des éléments par ces oxydes (P, Cr, Ni). Le troisième groupe (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) affiche des flux fortement positifs dans les horizons de surface en réponse à la contamination atmosphérique des sols et à la bioconcentration des métaux traces. Les taux d’altération holocènes moyens des éléments majeurs correspondent très bien aux taux publiés pour une variété de sols forestiers de milieux comparables. Le classement des éléments en ordre de mobilité relative décroissante est : Mn > Mg > Ca > Na > K > P > Si > Al > Fe > Ti.

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Variations in weathering processes and rates with time in a chronosequence of soils from Glen Feshie, Scotland

Cited by 99 publications

References 16 publications

Mineralogical Transformations and Soil Development in Shale across a Latitudinal Climosequence

Mineralogical Transformations and Soil Development in Shale across a Latitudinal Climosequence

Can Fe isotope fractionations trace the pedogenetic mechanisms involved in podzolization?

Bilans élémentaires holocènes et altération des minéraux dans trois sols forestiers du Québec méridional

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