Varietal differences in phenolic compounds metabolism of type 2 red-fleshed apples

Sato, Hirosuke; Otagaki, Shungo; Saelai, Parichat; Kondo, Satoru; Shiratake, Katsuhiro; Matsumoto, Shogo

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.02.041

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All identified anthocyanins (Table S1, peaks A1-A6) were cyanidin glycosides. In this study, compared to previous studies, cyanidin-3-O-rhamnoside (Table S1, peak A6) was identified for the first time in the apple peel [24][25][26][27][28]. A dihydrochalcone, phloridzin was found in the peel and pulp of apples.…”

Section: Identification Of Phenolic Compounds In the Apple Peel And Psupporting

confidence: 47%

Metabolite Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of 10 New Early- to Mid-Season Apple Cultivars and 14 Traditional Cultivars

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2020

Antioxidants

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Early- to mid-season apple cultivars have recently been developed in response to global warming; however, their metabolite compositions remain unclear. Herein, metabolites, such as free sugars, and organic acids and antioxidant activity were determined in 10 new and 14 traditional apple cultivars. Additionally, the phenolic profiles of the apple pulp and peel were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Major phenolic compounds in apples varied depending on the cultivar and tissue (i.e., peel or pulp). Among the new apple cultivars, Decobell and Tinkerbell, showed high antioxidant activity and contained higher phenolic compound content than other cultivars in the peel and pulp, respectively. Honggeum showed high phenolic content with similar sugar to acid ratio compared to popular traditional cultivars. In addition to antioxidant phenolic contents, metabolite profile information can be used to select apple cultivars for various purposes. For example, Indo can be selected for sweet apple taste because of its higher sugar to acid ratio. This information can be used to select apple cultivars for various purposes. For example, Decobell peel could be used as sources of food supplements and food additives, and Tinkerbell pulp can be utilized for apple juice making according to its metabolite profile.

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Section: Identification Of Phenolic Compounds In the Apple Peel And Psupporting

confidence: 47%

Metabolite Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of 10 New Early- to Mid-Season Apple Cultivars and 14 Traditional Cultivars

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2020

Antioxidants

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“…In contrast, for apple fruit flesh, Umemura et al (2013) reported that an MYB TF gene, MdMYB110a, CHS, and ANS genes reached their maximal expression in the red flesh of 'JPP35' apple fruit at approximately 40 days before harvest. Sato et al (2017) also demonstrated that MdMYB110a in the red flesh of 'Nakano Shinku' and 'Nakano no Kirameki' apples reached its maximal expression at 30 days before harvest. By this time, anthocyanin had already begun to accumulate in 'Nakano Shinku', but not in 'Nakano no Kirameki' apples.…”

Section: ) Biosynthetic Genesmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…For MdMYB110a, two independent single nucleotide polymorphisms in the exon 2 were subjected to a detection system employing either a high-resolution melting-based marker or a derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker Sato et al, 2017). These DNA markers could be useful for the efficient breeding of red-fleshed apple cultivars.…”

Section: Mdmyb110amentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Apple Fruit

Honda

Moriya

2018

The Hortic J

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Anthocyanin accumulation is responsible for the red color of the skin and flesh of apple fruits (Malus × domestica Borkh.), and redder fruits are more marketable. Pigmentation in the skin of apple fruit varies among different cultivars and is influenced by environmental factors, including temperature conditions and the level of sunlight irradiation. Because warmer temperatures suppress anthocyanin synthesis in the skin of apple fruit, there are increasing concerns that global warming may be detrimental to fruit pigmentation. Recent molecular studies have revealed that the MdMYB1 gene, which encodes a transcription factor, plays a critical role in regulating anthocyanin synthesis in both the skin and flesh of apple fruits. A marker-assisted selection process has been developed to identify MdMYB1 genotypes and predict those fruits that will develop redder skin. These apples may be better adapted to a warmer global climate. The application of hormones can also increase the level of pigmentation in fruit skin, and plant growth regulators such as ethylene and jasmonate are commercially available. The mechanisms that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the flesh of red-fleshed apple fruit appear to partially differ from those that function in the skin of red-skinned fruit. In the flesh of red-fleshed fruit, the pigment accumulates under dark conditions, whereas no anthocyanin is synthesized in the skin of bagged apple fruit. Conversely, in both red-skinned and red-fleshed apple fruits, warmer temperatures inhibit anthocyanin accumulation. Further studies on the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in the flesh of red-fleshed apple fruit are necessary.

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“…The phenolic compounds that accumulated in five Type 2 red-fleshed apples with marked differences in the coverage and intensity of the red coloration of the cortex were also characterized. The results suggested that MdMYB110a could regulate the synthesis of other phenolic compounds, as well as anthocyanin 127 . Wang et al conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis between red- and white-fleshed apples in the F 1 population using RNA-Seq and found that 22 upregulated genes in red-fleshed apples were associated with flavonoid biosynthesis 128 .…”

Section: Breeding Of Red-skinned and Red-fleshed Applesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Malus sieversii: the origin, flavonoid synthesis mechanism, and breeding of red-skinned and red-fleshed apples

et al. 2018

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Flavonoids play essential roles in human health. Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), one of the most widely produced and economically important fruit crops in temperate regions, is a significant source of flavonoids in the human diet and is among the top nutritionally rated and most widely consumed fruits worldwide. Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of apples, which are rich in a variety of free and easily absorbable flavonoids, is associated with a decreased risk of various diseases. However, apple production is challenged by serious inbreeding problems. The narrowing of the hereditary base has resulted in apples with poor nutritional quality and low flavonoid contents. Recently, there have been advances in our understanding of the roles that Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem has played in the process of apple domestication and breeding. In this study, we review the origin of cultivated apples and red-fleshed apples, and discuss the genetic diversity and construction of the core collections of M. sieversii. We also discuss current research progress and breeding programs on red-skinned and red-fleshed apples and summarize the exploitation and utilization of M. sieversii in the breeding of high-flavonoid, and red-fleshed apples. This study highlights a valuable pattern of horticultural crop breeding using wild germplasm resources. The future challenges and directions of research on the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid accumulation and high-flavonoid apple breeding are discussed.

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Varietal differences in phenolic compounds metabolism of type 2 red-fleshed apples

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Metabolite Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of 10 New Early- to Mid-Season Apple Cultivars and 14 Traditional Cultivars

Metabolite Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of 10 New Early- to Mid-Season Apple Cultivars and 14 Traditional Cultivars

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Apple Fruit

Malus sieversii: the origin, flavonoid synthesis mechanism, and breeding of red-skinned and red-fleshed apples

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