Varroa destructor parasitism has a greater effect on proteome changes than the deformed wing virus and activates TGF-β signaling pathways

Erban, Tomáš; Sopko, B.; Kadlikova, Klara; Talacko, Pavel; Harant, Karel

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45764-1

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…In this study, the suppression of caspase3-like , caspase8-like , and caspase9-like in DWV-injected honeybee pupae was investigated at 96 h. We suggested that this virus might block apoptosis pathways despite the downregulation of transcripts encoding Buffy, which is Bcl-2-like pro-survival protein displaying anti-apoptotic and cell cycle inhibitory functions [ 21 , 62 , 63 ]. Similarly, Erban et al in 2019 reported that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 transcripts were downregulated in DWV-infected honeybees and Varroa -infested bees with visible DWV symptoms [ 26 ]. The p53 gene has also been demonstrated to downregulate Bcl-2 protein and triggered apoptosis cascades [ 64 , 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study by Koziy et al suggested that apoptosis occurred in the hypopharyngeal gland cells of DWV-infected newly emerged honeybees [ 23 ]. Although immune and apoptosis-related gene responses to the virus were investigated in several studies [ 5 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], information on the temporal relationship between DWV levels and these genes is still scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Deformed Wing Virus Infection on Expressions of Immune- and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Western Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Mookhploy

Krongdang

Chantawannakul

2021

Insects

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Honeybees are globally threatened by several pathogens, especially deformed wing virus (DWV), as the presence of DWV in western honeybees is indicative of colony loss. The high mortality rate is further exacerbated by the lack of effective treatment, and therefore understanding the immune and apoptosis responses could pave an avenue for the treatment method. In this study, DWV was directly injected into the white-eyed pupae stage of western honeybees (Apis mellifera). The DWV loads and selected gene responses were monitored using the real-time PCR technique. The results showed that honeybee pupae that were injected with the highest concentration of viral loads showed a significantly higher mortality rate than the control groups. Deformed wings could be observed in newly emerged adult bees when the infected bees harbored high levels of viral loads. However, the numbers of viral loads in both normal and crippled wing groups were not significantly different. DWV-injected honeybee pupae with 104 and 107 copy numbers per bee groups showed similar viral loads after 48 h until newly emerged adult bees. Levels of gene expression including immune genes (defensin, abaecin, and hymenoptaecin) and apoptosis genes (buffy, p53, Apaf1, caspase3-like, caspase8-like, and caspase9-like) were analyzed after DWV infection. The expressions of immune and apoptosis genes were significantly different in infected bees compared to those of the control groups. In the pupae stage, the immune genes were activated by injecting DWV (defensin and hymenoptaecin) or Escherichia coli (defensin, abaecin, and hymenoptaecin), a positive control. On the contrary, the expression of apoptosis-related genes (buffy, caspase3-like, caspase8-like, and caspase9-like genes) was suppressed at 96 h post-infection. In DWV-infected newly emerged adult bees, abaecin, hymenoptaecin, Apaf1, and caspase8-like genes were upregulated. However, these genes were not significantly different between the normal and crippled wing bees. Our results suggested that DWV could activate the humoral immunity in honeybees and that honeybee hosts may be able to protect themselves from the virus infection through immune responses. Apoptosis gene expressions were upregulated in newly emerged adult bees by the virus, however, they were downregulated during the initial phase of viral infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Deformed Wing Virus Infection on Expressions of Immune- and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Western Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Mookhploy

Krongdang

Chantawannakul

2021

Insects

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“…Indeed, parasited bees have a lower sugar responsiveness and a faster habituation to olfactory stimulation [52]. Moreover, Varroa provokes the down-regulation of immune gene expression in emerging infested adults [45], as well as proteomic changes in the honey bee's immune response [53][54][55]. It disrupts the bee's immune response by interfering in the cascade immune response [56].…”

Section: What Can It Do?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Varroa destructor: how does it harm Apis mellifera honey bees and what can be done about it?

Noël

Conte

Mondet

2020

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences

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Since its migration from the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) to the European honey bee (Apis mellifera), the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor has emerged as a major issue for beekeeping worldwide. Due to a short history of coevolution, the host–parasite relationship between A. mellifera and V. destructor is unbalanced, with honey bees suffering infestation effects at the individual, colony and population levels. Several control solutions have been developed to tackle the colony and production losses due to Varroa, but the burden caused by the mite in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors continues to increase, weakening the beekeeping industry. In this synthetic review, we highlight the main advances made between 2015 and 2020 on V. destructor biology and its impact on the health of the honey bee, A. mellifera. We also describe the main control solutions that are currently available to fight the mite and place a special focus on new methodological developments, which point to integrated pest management strategies for the control of Varroa in honey bee colonies.

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“…Nevertheless, many of these proteins have been noted as responsive to honey bee parasitism. Notably, Apidermin-3 like protein has recently been implicated as an outlier protein suppressed by DWV but induced by Varroa parasitism in a proteome study [18]. In that report Apidermin appears to be down-regulated by DWV infection, but up-regulated by Varroa and DWV+Varroa.…”

Section: Genes Strongly Down-regulated In R_virus V S_virus Injectedmentioning

confidence: 87%

Multi-tiered Analyses of Honey Bees That Resist or Succumb to Parasitic Mites and Viruses

Weaver¹,

Cantarel

Elsik

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Varroa destructor mites, and the numerous viruses they vector to their honey bee hosts, are among the most serious threats to honey bee populations, causing mortality and morbidity to both the individual honey bee and colony, the negative effects of which convey to the pollination services provided by honey bees worldwide. Here we use a combination of targeted assays and deep RNA sequencing to determine host and microbial changes in resistant and susceptible honey bee lineages. We focus on three study sets. The first involves field sampling of sympatric western bees, some derived from resistant stock and some from stock susceptible to mites. The second experiment contrasts three colonies more deeply, two from susceptible stock from the southeastern U.S. and one from mite-resistant bee stock from Eastern Texas. Finally, to decouple the effects of mites from those of the viruses they vector, we experimentally expose honey bees to DWV in the laboratory, measuring viral growth and host responses. Results We find strong differences between resistant and susceptible bees in terms of both viral loads and bee gene expression. Interestingly, lineages of bees with naturally low levels of the mite-vectored Deformed wing virus, also carried lower levels of viruses not vectored by mites. By mapping gene expression results against current ontologies and other studies, we describe the impacts of mite parasitism, as well as viruses on bee health against two genetic backgrounds. We identify numerous genes and processes seen in other studies of stress and disease in honey bee colonies, though we find novel genes and new patterns of expression too. Conclusions We provide evidence that honey bees surviving in the face of parasitic mites do so through their abilities to resist the presence of devastating viruses vectored by these mites. By revealing responses to viral infection and mite parasitism in different lineages, our data identify candidate proteins for the evolution of mite tolerance and virus resistance.

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Varroa destructor parasitism has a greater effect on proteome changes than the deformed wing virus and activates TGF-β signaling pathways

Cited by 30 publications

References 176 publications

Effects of Deformed Wing Virus Infection on Expressions of Immune- and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Western Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Effects of Deformed Wing Virus Infection on Expressions of Immune- and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Western Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Varroa destructor: how does it harm Apis mellifera honey bees and what can be done about it?

Multi-tiered Analyses of Honey Bees That Resist or Succumb to Parasitic Mites and Viruses

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