Vascular Access in Large Laboratory Animals

Removal of blood from laboratory mammals and birds: First Report of the BVA/FRAME/RSPCA/UFAW Joint Working Group on Refinement

“…Whatever the method, surgical skills are essential , 1979;Desjardins, 1986;Dennis et al, 1986;Van Dongen et al, 1990). In both shortand long-term cannulation it may be necessary to restrain the animal in some way to stop it removing the cannula, but this depends very much on the species.…”