Vascular compliance versus flow-mediated vasodilation: correlation with cardiovascular risk factors

Nair, Nandini; Oka, Roberta K.; Waring, Laurel D; Umoh, E.; Taylor, C. Barr; Cooke, John P.

doi:10.1191/1358863x05vm633oa

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…13 Coefficients of variation for these tests performed in our laboratory have been published previously. 14 Patients ingested a low-nitrite diet for 24 hours before testing, fasted overnight, and were given low-nitrate water to consume for 12 hours before blood samples and urine were collected for safety laboratory studies; urinary and plasma nitrogen oxides; amino acid analysis; and plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels. Venous blood was collected into EDTA-coated tubes on ice and plasma stored at Ϫ80°C.…”

Section: Vascular Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

l -Arginine Supplementation in Peripheral Arterial Disease

et al. 2007

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Background-L-Arginine is the precursor of endothelium-derived nitric oxide, an endogenous vasodilator. L-Arginine supplementation improves vascular reactivity and functional capacity in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in small, short-term studies. We aimed to determine the effects of long-term administration of L-arginine on vascular reactivity and functional capacity in patients with PAD. Methods and Results-The Nitric Oxide in Peripheral Arterial Insufficiency (NO-PAIN) study was a randomized clinical trial of oral L-arginine (3 g/d) versus placebo for 6 months in 133 subjects with intermittent claudication due to PAD in a single-center setting. The primary end point was the change at 6 months in the absolute claudication distance as assessed by the Skinner-Gardner treadmill protocol. L-Arginine supplementation significantly increased plasma L-arginine levels. However, measures of nitric oxide availability (including flow-mediated vasodilation, vascular compliance, plasma and urinary nitrogen oxides, and plasma citrulline formation) were reduced or not improved compared with placebo. Although absolute claudication distance improved in both L-arginine-and placebo-treated patients, the improvement in the L-arginine-treated group was significantly less than that in the placebo group (28.3% versus 11.5%; Pϭ0.024). Conclusions-In patients with PAD, long-term administration of L-arginine does not increase nitric oxide synthesis or improve vascular reactivity. Furthermore, the expected placebo effect observed in studies of functional capacity was attenuated in the L-arginine-treated group. As opposed to its short-term administration, long-term administration of L-arginine is not useful in patients with intermittent claudication and PAD.

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Section: Vascular Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

l -Arginine Supplementation in Peripheral Arterial Disease

et al. 2007

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“…Aging is a complex process caused by multiple factors [4] , in which the attenuation of endothelial vasodilatation has proven to be a striking feature [5] . It is well known that vascular endothelial dysfunction is a common trigger for many cardio-cerebral vascular diseases [6] , so protecting endothelial function is very important for prevention of agerelated cardiovascular diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of iNOS protects endothelial-dependent vasodilation in aged rats

Tian

Yan

et al. 2010

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: To examine whether iNOS contributes to endothelial dysfunction in aged rats. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: young rats, aged rats treated with vehicle and aged rats treated with N-[3-(Aminomethyl) benzyl] acetamidine (1400W, 1 mg/kg, ip). Vasorelaxation was measured in isolated thoracic aorta. iNOS expression of thoracic aortic arteries was detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Nitrotyrosine (a marker for peroxynitrite formation) content and expression in thoracic aortic tissue were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Results: Maximal relaxation induced by acetylcholine (10 -9 to 10 -5 mol/L) in the aged rats treated with vehicle was significantly decreased (70%±15%, P<0.01), as compared with the young rats (95%±8%). However, the maximal relaxation induced by acidified NaNO2 (an endothelium-independent vasodilator) had no significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, iNOS and nitrotyrosine expression increased in the vessels of the aged rats. In the aged rats treated with 1400W (a highly selective iNOS inhibitor) nitrotyrosine expression was reduced and acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was markedly improved (maximal relaxation was increased to 87%±8%, P<0.05), but the acidified NaNO 2 -induced vasorelaxation had no significant change. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that inhibition of iNOS by 1400W increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation in aged rats. The mechanism was related with attenuation of peroxynitrite formation.Keywords: aging; nitric oxide synthase; endothelium; vasodilation; 1400W Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2010Sinica ( ) 31: 1324Sinica ( -1328 doi: 10.1038/aps.2010 published online 13 Sep 2010 Original Article * To whom correspondence should be addressed. [17,18] , respectively. Thirty minutes after 1400W treatment [18,19] young and aged rats were sacrificed to obtain vessel tissues (n=7 rats per group) for nitrotyrosine content and immunohistochemical studies of iNOS and nitrotyrosine. Determination of endothelial functionEndothelial function was determined by comparing the vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, with that of acidified NaNO 2 , an endothelium-independent vasodilator, as described previously [20] . Briefly, thoracic aortic rings were mounted onto hooks, suspended in organ chambers filled with Krebs buffer (mmol/L: NaCl 118.3, KCl 4.7, CaCl 2 2.5, MgSO 4 1.2, KH 2 PO 4 1.2, NaHCO 3 25.0, glucose 11.0, pH=7.4) [21] and aerated with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 at 37 °C, and connected to force transducers to record changes in tension via a Chart 5.3 data acquisition system. After equilibration for 60 min at a preload of 1 g, the rings were precontracted with norepinephrine (NE, 1 μmol/L). Once a stable contraction was achieved, the rings were exposed to cumulative concentrations of ACh (10 -9 to 10 -5 mol/L). After the cumulative response was stabilized, the rings were washed and allowed to equilibrate to baseline. The procedur...

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“…62 Pulse waveform analysis was associated with forearm vascular resistance as assessed by ultrasonography, 63 and was more significantly correlated with cardiovascular risk factor score than ultrasound measured FMD. 64 Salbutamol (similar to albuterol) was associated with a significantly smaller decrease in augmentation index in 12 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease compared with 10 healthy, age-matched controls. 60 Peripheral arterial applanation tonometry is noninvasive and simple to use, but more testing is needed before its widespread use as a clinical screening tool can be recommended.…”

Section: Venous Occlusion Plethysmographymentioning

confidence: 89%

The endothelial cell in health and disease: its function, dysfunction, measurement and therapy

et al. 2009

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Endothelial cells have numerous endocrine functions and contribute to a variety of processes, including penile erection and vasodilation. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ED. This study reviews endothelial function, in addition to endothelial dysfunction and its role in atherosclerosis and ED. Measurement of endothelial function is reviewed, including catheter-based methods, venous occlusion plethysmography, high-frequency ultrasound, peripheral arterial tonometry, digital pulse amplitude tonometry, digital thermal monitoring, the L-arginine test and measurement of compounds released by endothelial cells. Therapy and medications that improve endothelial function are reviewed. As the scientific community learns more about the importance of the endothelium, it is increasingly important for the clinician to understand endothelial function, dysfunction, measurement of endothelial function and therapies that affect this remarkable cell type.

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Vascular compliance versus flow-mediated vasodilation: correlation with cardiovascular risk factors

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

l -Arginine Supplementation in Peripheral Arterial Disease

l -Arginine Supplementation in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Inhibition of iNOS protects endothelial-dependent vasodilation in aged rats

The endothelial cell in health and disease: its function, dysfunction, measurement and therapy

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