Vascular Nursing and Vascular Surgery

Environmental Pollution and Peripheral Artery Disease

“…Symptoms range from intermittent claudication, that is a cramping pain during walking, to critical limb ischemia with rest pain or even the formation of ulcers or gangrene, that can lead to the amputation of the affected limb. 1 , 2 The outcomes for PAD patients after limb amputation are generally very poor, as approximately 30% ambulate with a prosthetic limb and 50% die within 2 years. Therefore, there financial, social, and psychological implications that highlight the need to develop strategies for the early identification of risk factors, prompt diagnosis, and adequate treatment of patients with PAD.…”

“…VD is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 1 Among VD, peripheral artery disease (PAD) of the lower limbs represents one of the most important clinical conditions of the vascular system. PAD is defined by an ankle–brachial index (ABI; the ratio of the systolic blood pressure at the ankle to the systolic blood pressure in the arm) of 0·90 or less.…”

“…The range of symptoms of PAD affects significatively the quality of life of affected patients, as it varies from intermittent claudication to critical limb ischemia with the risk of minor or major amputation. 1 , 2 Aging, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia are considered important risk factors for PAD as well as for other atherosclerosis-related problems. 2–4 Environmental pollution is also one of the most important cause of mortality and disability in the world today, and, somehow, it has also been associated with cardiovascular disease.…”

Precision Medicine and Precision Nursing: The Era of Biomarkers and Precision Health

“…7,44 Modern nursing benefit from the inclusion of biomarkers into care pathways, helping nurses to more efficiently administer tailored therapies and globally care for patients, especially those with frailty issues. 19,45 Nowadays the profession of nursing is a great part, and also an important driving force of health care, and nurse researchers realize that PH is a priority for advancing nursing science as PH studies individual variability in personal and environmental patient's own characteristics. In this context, lifestyle, existing comorbidities, cognitive and emotional factors, and frailty issues should be related to omics and other biomarkers.…”

Association between Inguinal Hernia and Arterial Disease: A Preliminary Report

“…While further studies are needed to confirm the aforementioned relationship, nonetheless there is enough evidence to warrant an investigation of the association between IH and arterial disease (AD), as this condition is also related to ECM alterations of the vessel wall. Arterial disease (AD) is any condition that affects the arteries, and includes conditions such as carotid stenosis, aneurysms and peripheral artery disease (PAD), which may severely impact the national health systems in terms of morbidity, mortality and quality of life [ 4 ]. Carotid stenosis, a narrowing of the carotid arteries, is the highest risk factor for stroke with overall prevalence being higher in men (3.8%) than in women (2.7%) [ 5 , 6 ].…”