Vascular Responses to Passive and Active Movement in Premenopausal Females: Comparisons across Sex and Menstrual Cycle Phase

Weggen, Jennifer; Hogwood, Austin C.; Decker, Kevin; Darling, Ashley; Chiu, Alex; Richardson, Jacob; Garten, Ryan S.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003107

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The current ndings are novel and signi cant, however, only male subjects were included. Previous investigations have reported no sex-related differences in the hyperemic and vasodilatory response to PLM (59), thus the current ndings may be extrapolated to females as well. Therefore, future investigations including female are warranted to investigate how potential basal differences in MSNA between sex may impact the hyperemic and vasodilatory response to PLM as young males express greater MSNA compared to their female counterparts (60, 61).…”

Section: Experimental Considerationssupporting

confidence: 49%

Acute sympathetic activation blunts the hyperemic and vasodilatory response to passive leg movement

Hanson,

Lee,

Garten

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Heightened muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) contributes to impaired vasodilatory capacity and vascular dysfunction associated with aging and cardiovascular disease. The contribution of elevated MSNA to the vasodilatory response during passive leg movement (PLM) has not been adequately addressed. This study sought to test the hypothesis that elevated MSNA diminishes the vasodilatory response to PLM in healthy young males (n = 11, 25 ± 2 year). Post exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) following 2 min of isometric handgrip (HG) exercise performed at 25% (ExPECO 25%) and 40% (ExPECO 40%) of maximum voluntary contraction was used to incrementally engage the metaboreceptors and augment MSNA. Control trials were performed without PECO (ExCON 25% and ExCON 40%) to account for changes due to HG exercise. PLM was performed 2 min after the cessation of exercise and central and peripheral hemodynamics were assessed. MSNA was directly recorded by microneurography in the peroneal nerve (n = 8). Measures of MSNA (i.e., burst incidences) increased during ExPECO 25% (+ 15 ± 5 burst/100 bpm) and ExPECO 40% (+ 22 ± 4 burst/100 bpm) and returned to pre-HG levels during ExCON trials. Vasodilation, assessed by the change in leg vascular conductance during PLM, was reduced by 16% and 44% during ExPECO 25% and ExPECO 40%, respectively. These findings indicate that elevated MSNA attenuates the vasodilatory response to PLM and that the magnitude of reduction in vasodilation during PLM is graded in relation to the degree of sympathoexcitation.

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Section: Experimental Considerationssupporting

confidence: 49%

Acute sympathetic activation blunts the hyperemic and vasodilatory response to passive leg movement

Hanson,

Lee,

Garten

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To maximize the participation and adherence of those with PTSD, the study visits for females in the PTSD group were not confined to the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycles, as the female participants in the control group were. Previous studies have suggested that oestrogen has a favourable influence on vascular function (Baker et al, 2016;Limberg et al, 2010); however, work from our group (Weggen et al, 2023) and others (Restaino et al, 2022) has reported no significant alterations in VC, MAP and vascular reactivity during progressive handgrip exercise when evaluated between phases of the menstrual cycle. Although the PTSD group comprised the same participants who participated in a recently published study (Weggen et al, 2021), some differences did arise when data were contrasted with the prior publication.…”

Section: Experimental Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…A RMANOVA was then utilized to determine potential interaction effects of the AO supplementation (vs. PL) within each group for VC, MAP and BF responses at the 3 and 6 kg workloads. Sample size was calculated based on prior literature published by our laboratory (Weggen et al., 2023) examining group differences in VC during handgrip exercise as well as prior literature reporting improvements in exercise‐induced BF and VC responses following acute AO supplementation in older adults (Carlson et al., 2008) and evaluated with two‐tail directionality at α = 0.05, power (1 − β) of 0.8, and effect size of 1.2 and 0.9, respectively, using SPSS Statistics 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), which indicated a total of 12 participants would be required for this study. Normal data distribution was assessed via the Shapiro–Wilk test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower vascular conductance responses to handgrip exercise are improved following acute antioxidant supplementation in young individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder

Weggen,

Darling,

Autler

et al. 2024

Experimental Physiology

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Young individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display peripheral vascular and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, two factors potentially stemming from a redox imbalance. It is currently unclear if these aforementioned factors, observed at rest, alter peripheral haemodynamic responses to exercise in this population. This study examined haemodynamic responses to handgrip exercise in young individuals with PTSD following acute antioxidant (AO) supplementation. Thirteen young individuals with PTSD (age 23 ± 3 years), and 13 age‐ and sex‐matched controls (CTRL) participated in the study. Exercise‐induced changes to arm blood flow (BF), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and vascular conductance (VC) were evaluated across two workloads of rhythmic handgrip exercise (3 and 6 kg). The PTSD group participated in two visits, consuming either a placebo (PL) or AO prior to their visits. The PTSD group demonstrated significantly lower VC (P = 0.04) across all exercise workloads (vs. CTRL), which was significantly improved following AO supplementation. In the PTSD group, AO supplementation improved VC in participants possessing the lowest VC responses to handgrip exercise, with AO supplementation significantly improving VC responses (3 and 6 kg: P < 0.01) by blunting elevated exercise‐induced MAP responses (3 kg: P = 0.01; 6 kg: P < 0.01). Lower VC responses during handgrip exercise were improved following AO supplementation in young individuals with PTSD. AO supplementation was associated with a blunting of exercise‐induced MAP responses in individuals with PTSD displaying elevated MAP responses. This study revealed that young individuals with PTSD exhibit abnormal, peripherally mediated exercise responses that may be linked to a redox imbalance.

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Aging in females has minimal effect on changes in celiac artery blood flow during dynamic light-intensity exercise

Shiozawa,

Saito,

Lee

et al. 2024

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Blood flow to the active muscles and arterial blood pressure (ABP) increases during dynamic exercise, whereas blood flow to inactive organs (e.g., splanchnic organs and inactive limbs) declines. Aging leads to exaggerated ABP responses to exercise in females, but whether this is related to greater splanchnic vasoconstriction is unknown. This study sought to clarify the effect of aging in females on celiac artery blood flow during dynamic light-intensity exercise. Twelve healthy young females (YF: 20±2yrs, mean±SD) and 12 healthy older females (OF: 71±4yrs) performed dynamic knee-extension and -flexion exercise at 30% of heart rate reserve for 4-min. The absolute changes from baseline (Δ) for mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), celiac artery mean blood flow (celMBF), and celiac vascular conductance (celVC) during exercise were calculated. ABP was measured using an automated sphygmomanometer, and celMBF was recorded by Doppler ultrasonography. The increase in MAP during exercise was greater in OF than in YF (YF: +14±7mmHg, OF: +24±13mmHg, P=0.028). The celMBF decreased during exercise in both groups, but there was no significant difference in the response between YF and OF (YF: -93.0±66.1mL/min, OF: -89.6±64.0mL/min, P=0.951). The celVC also decreased during exercise and remained lower than baseline during exercise. However, the response was not different between YF and OF (YF: -1.8±1.0mL/min/mmHg, OF: -1.5±0.6mL/min/mmHg, P=0.517). These results demonstrate that aging in females has minimal influence on splanchnic artery hemodynamic responses during dynamic light-intensity exercise, suggesting that exaggerated ABP responses during exercise in OF are not due to greater splanchnic vasoconstriction.

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Vascular Responses to Passive and Active Movement in Premenopausal Females: Comparisons across Sex and Menstrual Cycle Phase

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Acute sympathetic activation blunts the hyperemic and vasodilatory response to passive leg movement

Acute sympathetic activation blunts the hyperemic and vasodilatory response to passive leg movement

Lower vascular conductance responses to handgrip exercise are improved following acute antioxidant supplementation in young individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder

Aging in females has minimal effect on changes in celiac artery blood flow during dynamic light-intensity exercise

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