Vector competence and feeding-excretion behavior of Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) infected with Trypanosoma cruzi TcVI

Verly, Thaiane; Costa, S.C.G.; Lima, Nathanielly Rocha Casado de; Mallet, J; Odêncio, Francisco; Pereira, Mirian Cláudia de Souza; Moreira, Carlos José de Carvalho; Britto, Constança; Pavan, Márcio G.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008712

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Trypanosoma cruzi can be identified either in the vector or through its excreta samples 40 . Therefore, the rapid detection of T. cruzi by NIRS in two triatomine body parts as well as excreta samples in just a few seconds makes it an ideal tool for surveillance of Chagas disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near infrared spectroscopy accurately detects Trypanosoma cruzi non-destructively in midguts, rectum and excreta samples of Triatoma infestans

Tátila-Ferreira

Garcia

Santos

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite with an estimated 70 million people at risk. Traditionally, parasite presence in triatomine vectors is detected through optical microscopy which can be low in sensitivity or molecular techniques which can be costly in endemic countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a reagent-free technique, the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid and non-invasive detection of T. cruzi in Triatoma infestans body parts and in wet/dry excreta samples of the insect. NIRS was 100% accurate for predicting the presence of T. cruzi infection Dm28c strain (TcI) in either the midgut or the rectum and models developed from either body part could predict infection in the other part. Models developed to predict infection in excreta samples were 100% accurate for predicting infection in both wet and dry samples. However, models developed using dry excreta could not predict infection in wet samples and vice versa. This is the first study to report on the potential application of NIRS for rapid and non-invasive detection of T. cruzi infection in T. infestans in the laboratory. Future work should demonstrate the capacity of NIRS to detect T. cruzi in triatomines originating from the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near infrared spectroscopy accurately detects Trypanosoma cruzi non-destructively in midguts, rectum and excreta samples of Triatoma infestans

Tátila-Ferreira

Garcia

Santos

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…No effects of T. cruzi are evident after experimental infection of R. prolixus and Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843): infected and uninfected individuals probe similarly frequently, require identical periods of times for feeding on live hosts, ingest similar volumes of blood and begin to defecate after identical periods of times. 103 , 104 …”

Section: Effects Of T Cruzi On Triatominesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be compensated by either increasing the number of blood-feeds and/or the volume of blood ingested: Infected nymphs of T. rubrovaria , ingest significantly more blood than uninfected nymphs. 104 The indication to the population density or the quality of blood is supported by the normal development of nymphs of T. infestans after infection via mice and subsequent feedings on uninfected mice or hens. 120–122 The mortality rates of these nymphs of T. infestans are in the normal range and also the nymphal development of P. megistus and T. brasiliensis .…”

Section: Effects Of T Cruzi On Triatominesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on the Knowledge of Parasite–Vector Interactions of Chagas Disease

Schaub¹

2021

RRTM

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This review focusses on the interactions between the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi , and its triatomine vector. The flagellate mainly colonizes the intestinal tract of the insect. The effect of triatomines on trypanosomes is indicated by susceptibility and refractoriness phenomena that vary according to the combination of the strains. Other effects are apparent in the different regions of the gut. In the stomach, the majority of ingested blood trypomastigotes are killed while the remaining transform to round stages. In the small intestine, these develop into epimastigotes, the main replicative stage. In the rectum, the population density is the highest and is where the infectious stage develops, the metacyclic trypomastigote. In all regions of the gut, starvation and feeding of the triatomine affect T. cruzi . In the small intestine and rectum, starvation reduces the population density and more spheromastigotes develop. In the rectum, feeding after short-term starvation induces metacyclogenesis and after long-term starvation the development of specific cells, containing several nuclei, kinetoplasts and flagella. When considering the effects of T. cruzi on triatomines, the flagellate seems to be of low pathogenicity. However, during stressful periods, which are normal in natural populations, effects occur often on the behaviour, eg, in readiness to approach the host, the period of time before defecation, dispersal and aggregation. In nymphs, the duration of the different instars and the mortality rates increase, but this seems to be induced by repeated infections or blood quality by the feeding on infected hosts. Starvation resistance is often reduced by infection. Longevity and reproduction of adults is reduced, but only after infection with some strains of T. cruzi . Only components of the surface coat of blood trypomastigotes induce an immune reaction. However, this seems to act against gut bacteria and favours the development of T. cruzi.

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“…Perhaps this effect is reflected in the 12% lower intake of these triatomines. However, it should be further investigated, as different parasite concentrations and/or strains might better explain the blood volume ingested (Takano- Lee and Edman, 2002;Verly et al, 2020).…”

Section: Transcriptional Expression In Infected Triatomines Is Regulated In Response To Survival Of Tcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary and Intestinal Transcriptomes Reveal Differential Gene Expression in Starving, Fed and Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Rhodnius neglectus

Carvalho-Costa

Tiveron

Mendes

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Rhodnius neglectus is a potential vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc), the causative agent of Chagas disease. The salivary glands (SGs) and intestine (INT) are actively required during blood feeding. The saliva from SGs is injected into the vertebrate host, modulating immune responses and favoring feeding for INT digestion. Tc infection significantly alters the physiology of these tissues; however, studies that assess this are still scarce. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the global transcriptional expression of genes in SGs and INT during fasting (FA), fed (FE), and fed in the presence of Tc (FE + Tc) conditions. In FA, the expression of transcripts related to homeostasis maintenance proteins during periods of stress was predominant. Therefore, the transcript levels of Tret1-like and Hsp70Ba proteins were increased. Blood appeared to be responsible for alterations found in the FE group, as most of the expressed transcripts, such as proteases and cathepsin D, were related to digestion. In FE + Tc group, there was a decreased expression of blood processing genes for insect metabolism (e.g., Antigen-5 precursor, Pr13a, and Obp), detoxification (Sult1) in INT and acid phosphatases in SG. We also found decreased transcriptional expression of lipocalins and nitrophorins in SG and two new proteins, pacifastin and diptericin, in INT. Several transcripts of unknown proteins with investigative potential were found in both tissues. Our results also show that the presence of Tc can change the expression in both tissues for a long or short period of time. While SG homeostasis seems to be re-established on day 9, changes in INT are still evident. The findings of this study may be used for future research on parasite-vector interactions and contribute to the understanding of food physiology and post-meal/infection in triatomines.

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Vector competence and feeding-excretion behavior of Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) infected with Trypanosoma cruzi TcVI

Cited by 13 publications

References 72 publications

Near infrared spectroscopy accurately detects Trypanosoma cruzi non-destructively in midguts, rectum and excreta samples of Triatoma infestans

Near infrared spectroscopy accurately detects Trypanosoma cruzi non-destructively in midguts, rectum and excreta samples of Triatoma infestans

An Update on the Knowledge of Parasite–Vector Interactions of Chagas Disease

Salivary and Intestinal Transcriptomes Reveal Differential Gene Expression in Starving, Fed and Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Rhodnius neglectus

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