Vegetable Oil-Based Nutraceuticals

Karuna, Mallampalli Sri Lakshmi

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2286-6_33

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The global nutraceutical market, fuelled by the sale of nutraceutical beverages, foods, and supplements, has grown at a rate of 7.3% from 2015 to 2021 and will be worth approximately $280 billion by the end of 2021 [ 118 ]. Among the wide variety of nutraceuticals available on the market, vegetable oils and fats play a key role as they are a good source of essential fatty acids and other minor components, such as lecithin, tocopherols and tocotrienols, carotenoids, phytosterols, etc., that have various beneficial effects on human health [ 119 ]. Many vegetable oil-based nutraceuticals are derived from oils extracted with hexane, and hexane is also used to extract or separate functional raw materials in the production of health functional foods.…”

Section: The Toxicological Assessment Of Hexane As Extraction Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Cravotto

Fabiano‐Tixier

Claux

et al. 2022

Foods

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Hexane is a solvent used extensively in the food industry for the extraction of various products such as vegetable oils, fats, flavours, fragrances, colour additives or other bioactive ingredients. As it is classified as a “processing aid”, it does not have to be declared on the label under current legislation. Therefore, although traces of hexane may be found in final products, especially in processed products, its presence is not known to consumers. However, hexane, and in particular the n-hexane isomer, has been shown to be neurotoxic to humans and has even been listed as a cause of occupational diseases in several European countries since the 1970s. In order to support the European strategy for a toxic-free environment (and toxic-free food), it seemed important to collect scientific information on this substance by reviewing the available literature. This review contains valuable information on the nature and origin of the solvent hexane, its applications in the food industry, its toxicological evaluation and possible alternatives for the extraction of natural products. Numerous publications have investigated the toxicity of hexane, and several studies have demonstrated the presence of its toxic metabolite 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) in the urine of the general, non-occupationally exposed population. Surprisingly, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) has apparently never been established by any food safety authority. Since hexane residues are undoubtedly found in various foods, it seems more than necessary to clearly assess the risks associated with this hidden exposure. A clear indication on food packaging and better information on the toxicity of hexane could encourage the industry to switch towards one of the numerous other alternative extraction methods already developed.

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Section: The Toxicological Assessment Of Hexane As Extraction Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Cravotto

Fabiano‐Tixier

Claux

et al. 2022

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The global nutraceutical market is fuelled by the sale of nutraceutical beverages, foods, and supplements, has grown at a rate of 7.3% from 2015 to 2021, and will be worth approximately $280 billion by the end of 2021 [119]. Among the wide variety of nutraceuticals available on the market, vegetable oils and fats play a key role as they are a good source of essential fatty acids and other minor components, such as lecithin, tocopherols and tocotrienols, carotenoids, phytosterols, etc., that have various beneficial effects on human health [120]. Many vegetable oil-based nutraceuticals are derived from oils extracted with hexane, and hexane is also used to extract or separate functional raw materials in the production of health functional foods.…”

Section: N-hexane Residues In Commercial Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Cravotto¹,

Fabiano‐Tixier²,

Claux³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hexane is a solvent used extensively in the food industry for the extraction of various products such as vegetable oils, fats, flavours, fragrances, colour additives or other bioactive ingredients. As it is classified as a "processing aid", it does not have to be declared on the label under current legislation. Therefore, although traces of hexane may be found in final products, especially in processed products, its presence is not known to consumers. However, hexane, and in particular the n-hexane isomer, has been shown to be neurotoxic to humans and has even been listed as a cause of occupational diseases in several European countries since the 1970s. In order to support the European strategy for a toxic-free environment (and toxic-free food), it seemed important to collect scientific information on this substance by reviewing the available literature. This review contains valuable information on the nature and origin of the solvent hexane, its applications in the food industry, its toxicological evaluation and possible alternatives for the extraction of natural products. Numerous publications have investigated the toxicity of hexane, and several studies have demonstrated the presence of its toxic metabolite 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) in the urine of the general, non-occupationally exposed population. Surprisingly, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) has apparently never been established by any food safety authority. Since hexane residues are undoubtedly found in various foods, it seems more than necessary to clearly assess the risks associated with this hidden exposure. A clear indication on food packaging and better information on the toxicity of hexane could encourage industry to switch towards one of the numerous other alternative extraction methods already developed.

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“…Among the vegetable oil-based nutraceuticals playing a pivotal role in human health and nutrition, there are TAGs, constituting the major component, and free FAs, carotenoids, lecithin, lignans, oryzanols, phytosterols, phytostanols, policosanol, tocopherols, and tocotrienols, which represent the compounds of the remaining minor fraction [ 6 , 18 ]. Their chemical structures are summarized in Figure 2 , whereas a detailed discussion about them is given below.…”

Section: Profiling Of Main Vegetable Oil Bioactive Compounds With mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the alternative therapies, the use of nutraceuticals represents a highly validated approach. Nutraceuticals provide all substances found in food, driving the biological activities that are essential for the human body [ 6 ]. Besides, they can prevent or delay several diseases, such as arthritis, cancer, osteoporosis, cataracts, brain disorders, metabolic, cardiovascular, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetable oil is a rich source of nutraceuticals, playing a pivotal role in human health and nutrition, such as carotenoids, lecithin, lignans, oryzanols, phytosterols and phytostanols, policosanol, tocopherols and tocotrienols, triacylglycerols (TAGs) and free fatty acids (FAs) derived from them [ 6 ]. As shown in Figure 1 , almost 87% of the total world production of edible vegetable oils (180 million metric tons in the 2019/2020 crop year) is represented by four plant oils only, i.e., palm (36.5%), soy (27.4%), rape (13.1%) and sunflower (10.0%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutraceutical Vegetable Oil Nanoformulations for Prevention and Management of Diseases

Vergallo

2020

Nanomaterials

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The scientific community is becoming increasingly interested in identifying, characterizing, and delivering nutraceuticals, which constitutes a multi-billion-dollar business. These bioactive agents are claimed to exhibit several health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of diseases such as arthritis, cancer, osteoporosis, cataracts, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases, heart, brain and metabolic disorders, etc. Nutraceuticals are typically consumed as part of a regular human diet and are usually present within foods, comprising vegetable oil, although at low levels and variable composition. Thus, it is difficult to control the type, amount and frequency of their ingestion by individuals. Nanoformulations about vegetable oil-based bioactive compounds with nutraceutical properties are useful for overcoming these issues, while improving the uptake, absorption, and bioavailability in the body. The purpose of this current study is to review papers on such nanoformulations, particularly those relevant for health benefits and the prevention and management of diseases, as well as bioactives extracted from vegetable oils enhancing the drug effectiveness, retrieved through bibliographic databases by setting a timespan from January 2000 to April 2020 (about 1758 records).

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Vegetable Oil-Based Nutraceuticals

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Nutraceutical Vegetable Oil Nanoformulations for Prevention and Management of Diseases

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