Vegetation Cover Change and Its Diversity in Urban Areas of Medan

Zaitunah, Anita; Samsuri,; Sahara, Fauziah

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-510164/v1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Higher values of the NDVI index indicate higher vegetation density [67,68]. The model XGBoost MNDWI is a more sensitive index than NDWI for estimating SMC, similar to results achieved in other studies [69].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Satellite-Based Estimation of Soil Moisture Content in Croplands: A Case Study in Golestan Province, North of Iran

et al. 2023

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Soil moisture content (SMC) plays a critical role in soil science via its influences on agriculture, water resources management, and climate conditions. There is broad interest in finding relationships between groundwater recharge, soil characteristics, and plant properties for the quantification of SMC. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of optical satellite imagery for estimating the SMC over cropland areas. For this purpose, we collected 394 soil samples as targets in Gonbad-e Kavus in the Golestan province in the north of Iran, where a variety of crop types are cultivated. As input data, we first computed several spectral indices from Sentinel 2 (S2) and Landsat 8 (L8) images, such as the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI), and then analyzed their relationships with surveyed SMC using four machine learning regression algorithms: random forests (RFs), XGBoost, extra tree decision (EDT), and support vector machine (SVM). Results revealed a high and rather similar correlation between the spectral indices and measured SMC values for both S2 and L8 data. The EDT regression algorithm yielded the highest accuracy, with an R2 = 0.82, MAE = 3.74, and RMSE = 1.08 for S2 and R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 2.42, and MAE = 1.08 for L8 images. Results also revealed that MNDWI, NDWI, and NDSI responded most sensitively to SMC estimation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Satellite-Based Estimation of Soil Moisture Content in Croplands: A Case Study in Golestan Province, North of Iran

et al. 2023

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“…The Kucur Resort is dominated by areas with NDVI values of 0.0 -0.5 (Table 3). It is revealed that the most of Kucur resort areas indicate a fairly dense canopy as described by Zaitunah et al [18]. All Javan Langur encounter points were distributed in medium vegetation density areas (Fig.…”

Section: Ndvisupporting

confidence: 60%

The Habitat Suitability of Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Kucur Resort at Alas Purwo National Park, Indonesia

Maulahila¹,

Siddiq²,

Sulistiyowati³

2022

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Life Sciences and Biotechnology (ICOLIB 2021)

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The population of Javan Langur is continuous decline as the habitat decreases. One of the remaining protected areas of the Javan Langur is Kucur Resort Alas Purwo National Park (APNP). However, the condition of its habitat is still unclear. This study was conducted to predict the distribution and habitat suitability of Javan Langur. Data for the Javan Langur encounter points was obtained by a two-way sampling of five transect lines along 0.5-2.5 km. The habitat variable e.g., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), altitude, river distance, settlement distance, and tourist distance downloaded from the geographic information database websites. Furthermore, all data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and ArcGIS 10.1. The group of Javan Langurs are distributed at medium density vegetation cover (NDVI 0.1-0.5), low altitude (<100 masl), and areas that are far from rivers (<300 m), settlements, and tourism (<750 m). The habitat of Javan Langur is categorized as excellent (1456.25 ha) and high (898.89 ha). It shows that Kucur Resort can provide a good carrying capacity for Javan Langurs to survive.

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“…Most orangutans' daily activities in their natural habitats, such as swinging from one branch to another branch, climbing, and hanging, are highly dependent on trees. Orangutans also build a new nest every day near a food source and quite high above the ground [61,[76][77][78]. The abundance of feed is a necessity for orangutans as they consume around 6.2 kg of food/day/individual [79].…”

Section: Ensuring Orangutan Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Orangutan Ecotourism on Sumatra Island: Current Conditions and a Call for Further Development

Purwoko

Kuswanda²,

Situmorang³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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This paper aimed to provide a narrative review of the current conditions of orangutan ecotourism on Sumatra Island, problems in the current management systems, and some recommendations for further development. Orangutan conservation centers have been developed on Sumatra Island since 1973. The Bukit Lawang Conservation Station is one of the orangutan conservation centers that have practiced ecotourism to overcome ecological and socio-economic issues. Even though the Bukit Lawang Conservation Station has operated for decades, this station has faced several issues, in particular a monetary crisis in 1997, a flash flood in 2003, and the COVID-19 pandemic. We identified that orangutan conservation centers on Sumatra Island have the potential to support orangutan ecotourism. These conservation centers have ecological support, available facilities, and rich local wisdom that can provide added value for orangutan ecotourism. Therefore, we propose that the development of orangutan ecotourism on Sumatra Island should accommodate surrounding communities through community-based wildlife ecotourism. We also recommend the following strategies to develop orangutan ecotourism on Sumatra Island: (1) mapping the location and distribution of wild orangutans in their natural habitats; (2) managing captive and semi-captive orangutans in conservation centers; (3) provision of tour packages; (4) community empowerment; (5) institutional strengthening of community-based ecotourism management (CBEM); (6) developing ecotourism through a benefit-sharing model; (7) anticipating and minimizing the negative impacts of ecotourism on orangutans; and (8) integrating orangutan tourism with local wisdom.

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Vegetation Cover Change and Its Diversity in Urban Areas of Medan

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Satellite-Based Estimation of Soil Moisture Content in Croplands: A Case Study in Golestan Province, North of Iran

Satellite-Based Estimation of Soil Moisture Content in Croplands: A Case Study in Golestan Province, North of Iran

The Habitat Suitability of Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Kucur Resort at Alas Purwo National Park, Indonesia

Orangutan Ecotourism on Sumatra Island: Current Conditions and a Call for Further Development

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