Vegetation diversity, structure and composition of three forest ecosystems in Angsana coastal area, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Nugroho Y, Suyanto, Makinudin D, Aditia S, Yulimasita DD, Afandi AY, Harahap MM, Matatula J, Wirabuana PYAP. 2022. Vegetation diversity, structure and composition of three forest ecosystems in Angsana coastal area, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2640-2647. Vegetation communities around coastal ecosystems play important roles in mitigating natural disaster and climate change. However, available information about vegetation communities in coastal areas is still limited despite being a requirement in developing strategies for environmental preservation. Angsana coastal area in South Kalimantan, Indonesia has unique characteristics in which it has three different forest ecosystems, namely heath forest (HF), beach forest (BF), and mangrove forest (MF). This study aimed to identify the vegetation diversity, structure and composition of the three forest ecosystems in Angsana coastal area. A field survey was conducted using transect line methods with a sampling plot size of 10 × 10 m and an interval of 20 m. Vegetation communities were assessed using species abundance, plant diversity, importance value index (IVI), and similarity level. Results showed that 37 species from 25 families were recorded at the study site. The highest species abundance was observed in HF (22 species), followed by BF (18 species) and MF (7 species). The same trend was found for vegetation diversity, in which HF had the highest richness (Dmg = 4.52), heterogeneity (H' = 2.86), and evenness (J' = 0.94). Hibiscus tiliaceus L. had the highest IVI in BF in all vegetation stages, and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. consistently had the greatest IVI in MF in all stages. Species thet exhibited the highest IVI in HF were Adina minutiflora Valeton (seedlings), Rhodedomia tomentosa and Premna serratifolia L. (saplings), Tristania maingayi Duthie (poles), and Vitex ovata Thunb. (trees). Our study also observed that species abundance in forest ecosystems gradually declined from seedlings to trees, except in MF. Among the three forest types, vegetation composition was highly similar between MF and BF, with a similarity level of 47.1%. Based on these results, this study concluded that the three forest ecosystems in Angsana coastal area exhibit a highly diverse vegetation structure, and each type of forest has specific characteristics as its entity.

Vegetation composition, diversity, stand structure and carbon stock of a dry evergreen montane forest of Lendikinya forest reserve in Tanzania

“…The establishment of new forest reserves in areas of high biodiversity value and critical watershed areas is advocated to ensure the conservation and preservation of forest biodiversity as well as the protection and maintenance of water sources and soil fertility (URT 1998;Nugroho et al 2022). Across the world, forest designation similar to catchment forest reserves has been established in many countries using various terms, such as watershed protection forest in Indonesia (Santika et al 2019).…”

“…Across the world, forest designation similar to catchment forest reserves has been established in many countries using various terms, such as watershed protection forest in Indonesia (Santika et al 2019). Proper management of watersheds in terms of wise use of soil, climate and vegetation within a given catchment area is important to maximize water storage capacity, minimize runoff and erosion, properly distribute water in time and space, maintain water quality and conserve soil (Ashagre et al 2014;Nugroho et al 2022).…”

“…Despite the importance of catchment forests in terms of biodiversity conservation, watershed management and climate regulation (Lopez-Toledo et al 2012;Löf et al 2019;Nepal 2021;Nugroho et al 2022), they are facing serious anthropogenic threats to the extent of altering their functions (Achard et al 2014;Mutiso et al 2015). Increasing growth in the human population creates pressure that causes rapid deforestation and forest degradation in all types of forests (Green et al 2013;Schaafsma et al 2014;Majumdar and Datta 2015).…”

Determinant of farmers’ participation and biodiversity status in the program of agroforestry rehabilitation in Sudan

“…Biodiversity data were analyzed using the common standard protocol for biodiversity assessment widely used by scholars (Jannat et al 2020;Dafa-Alla et al 2022;Neelo et al 2013;Nugroho et al 2022). Three diversity indices were analyzed, namely species Richness (R), Heterogeneity (H), and Evenness (E) respectively, to get a picture of tree species diversity in the study area.…”

Spatial distribution of vegetation diversity, timber production, and carbon storage in secondary tropical rainforest at South Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…On another side, the evenness of vegetation was assessed by Pielou Evenness Index (E'). Detail equations for calculating those indicators are expressed below (Nugroho et al 2022):…”