Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains

Whittaker, R. H.

doi:10.2307/1943577

Cited by 1,564 publications

(1,213 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…species distributions in forested wetlands are related to flood frequency and duration (Bedinger, 1971;Leitman et aI.. 1982;Paratley and Fahey, 1986;Hughes, 1990). This implies optimum positions for each species • Corresponding aulhor. along a hydrologic gradient in a manner similar to that described for elevation gradients in the Great Smoky mountains by Whittaker (1956) and agrees with the individualistic concept of Gleason (1926). Phipps (1979) and Phipps and Applegate (1983) proposed optimum positions for wetland forest species along a hydrologic gradient.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

A comparison of wetland tree growth response to hydrologic regime in Louisiana and South Carolina

Keeland¹,

Conner

Sharitz

1997

Forest Ecology and Management

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Numerous investigations have examined the growth of wetland tree species under a variety of hydrologic conditions. Most studies have compared flooded versus non-flooded conditions in greenhouses or in one to a few field sites near each other or within the same region. Comparisons of wetland tree growth among widely separated areas of the country are rare. This study compared the diametet; growth of Nyssa sylva/ica var. biflora, Nyssa aqua/ica, and Taxodium dis/ichum trees from Louisiana (Gulf Coastal Plain) and South Carolina (Atlantic Coastal Plain), In both regions. individual trees were distributed along a gradient of hydrologic regimes from infrequent to permanent flooding. Nyssa sylva/ica var. biflora was restricted to periodic.ally flooded sites in both regions. Within these sites. this species showed little response to differences in mean water depth. In contrast, significant differences among hydrologic regimes were detected for N. aqua/ica in both regions. In Louisiana. patterns of growth response did not correlate with the gradient of hydrologic regimes. but in South Carolina maximum growth was inversely related to mean water levels during the growing season. Maximum growth of T. dis/ichum trees was observed at sites with shallow, permanent flooding in both regions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

A comparison of wetland tree growth response to hydrologic regime in Louisiana and South Carolina

Keeland¹,

Conner

Sharitz

1997

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…In the absence of theory, one can still proceed by empirical methods and decide upon an applicable curve on the basis of many empirical results. Early studies by Gause (1930), Curtis & Mcintosh (1951) and Whittaker (1956) showed that monotonie response curves are too simple as an ecological response model and that a unimodal model is more appropriate. Simple ecological reasoning shows that also bimodal curves are a realistic option: a species can be outcompeted near its physiological optimum by more competitive species whereas the species may be able to cope with less favourable environmental conditions when competition is less.…”

Section: Model Choice and Regression Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that the method of weighted averaging is also used in Section 3.7 to estimate the indicator value of a species, in particular, by taking a weighted average of values of an environmental variable (Equation 3.28). The weighted average was proposed as a biotic index for many types of organisms: for vascular plants by Ellenberg (1948) and by Whittaker (1956); for algae by Zelinka & Marvan (1961); and for faunal communities in streams and rivers by Chutter (1972). A typical example is Ellenberg's (1948; system for predicting soil acidity, reviewed by Böcker et al (1983).…”

Section: Weighted Averaging Using Indicator Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology

1995

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Ecological data has several special properties: the presence or absence of species on a semi-quantitative abundance scale; non-linear relationships between species and environmental factors; and high inter-correlations among species and among environmental variables. The analysis of such data is important to the interpretation of relationships within plant and animal communities and with their environments. In this corrected version of Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology, without using complex mathematics, the contributors demonstrate the methods that have proven most useful, with examples, exercises and case-studies. Chapters explain in an elementary way powerful data analysis techniques such as logic regression, canonical correspondence analysis, and kriging.

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“…6 -Patrocínio/MG A amostragens foi realizada entre 18º47' a 19º45'S e 46º25' a 47º09'W, incluindo áre-as dos municípos de Patrocínio, Ibiá e Pratinha, com altitude média de 950 m. Dentre os locais amostrados, foi onde se notou Para avaliar a diversidade alfa nas comunidades foram utilizados os índices de Shannon-Wienner (H'), que atribui maior peso a espécies raras, e o índice de Simpson (D), que é pouco influenciado por espécies raras (Magurran 1988). A diversidade beta foi avaliada pelo índice de Whittaker (b), que mede a mudança ou taxa de substituição na composição de espé-cies de um local para outro (Whittaker 1960). Este índice varia de 0, quando duas amostras não apresentam nenhuma diferença na composição de espécies e 2, quando esta diferença é máxima, sendo calculado pela fórmula: ß = (c/a) -1, onde: c = total de espécies nas parcelas amostradas; a = média do número de espécies das parcelas amostradas.…”

Section: -Paracatu/mgunclassified

Diversidade alfa e beta no cerrado sensu strictu da Chapada Pratinha, Brasil

Felfili

2001

Acta Bot. Bras.

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Recebido em 27/07/99. Aceito em 02/05/01 RESUMO -(Diversidade alfa e beta no cerrado sensu stricto) O bioma cerrado possui uma das mais ricas floras dentre as savanas mundiais com mais de 6000 espécies, abrange uma vasta extensão territorial, contém as três maiores bacias hidrográficas sul americanas, e se destaca pela elevada biodiversidade. O objetivo deste trabalho, que faz parte do Projeto Biogeografia do Bioma Cerrado, foi analisar as diversidades alfa e beta em comunidades de cerrado sensu stricto. Foram amostrados o Parque Nacional de Brasília, a Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, a Area de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Gama-Cabeça de Veado, Silvânia-GO, Paracatu-MG e Patrocínio-MG. A amostragem foi aleatória com 10 parcelas de 20x50m em cada área de estudo. Foram incluídas plantas lenhosas, exceto lianas, que tivessem no mínimo 5cm de diâmetro. Foi calculada a diversidade alfa pelo teste de Shannon & Wienner e o de Simpson. A diversidade beta foi calculada pelo índice de Whittaker que mede a mudança ou taxa de substituição na composição de espécies de um local para outro. Foi efetuada a curva espécie-área para as 60 parcelas amostradas e efetuada a classificação por TWINSPAN. O cerrado sensu stricto da Chapada Pratinha pode ser diferenciado em duas zonas fitogeográficas: Distrito Federal-Silvânia e Paracatu-Patrocínio. Estas coincidem com um zoneamento por sistemas de terra que classifica a primeira zona como terras altas em contraposição à segunda.Palavras-chave -Cerrado, diversidade alfa e beta, Chapada Pratinha-DF.ABSTRACT -(Alfa and Beta diversity in the cerrado sensu stricto) The cerrado flora is one of the richest among the world's savannas with more than 6000 species. The cerrado covers a large territory, contains the three most important hydrographycal basins in South America and a high diversity. The objective of this work, that is part of the project Biogeography of the Cerrado Biome, was to analyse alfa and beta diversity in the cerrado sensu stricto. The sampled places were: Brasília National Park -DF, Águas Emendadas Ecological Station -DF, Environmentally protected Area of Gama-Cabeça de Veado -DF, Silvânia -GO, Paracatu -MG and Patrocínio -MG. The sampling was randomized with 10 plots of 20x50m in each study-site. Woody plants from 5cm dbh, excluding lianas were sampled. Shannon & Wienner's and Simpson's diversity index were used to calculate alfa diversity and Whittaker's index for beta diversity. The latter measures the rate of replacement in species composition from one place to another. A species-area curve was also drawn for the sixty plots sampled. A classification by the TWINSPAN method was also carried out. The cerrado sensu stricto in Chapada Pratinha can be separated in two phytogeographic zones: Distrito Federal -Silvânia and Paracatu -Patrocínio. Those coincide with a land system classification which places the first zone in the highlands and the second in the lowlands.

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Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains

Cited by 1,564 publications

References 98 publications

A comparison of wetland tree growth response to hydrologic regime in Louisiana and South Carolina

A comparison of wetland tree growth response to hydrologic regime in Louisiana and South Carolina

Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology

Diversidade alfa e beta no cerrado sensu strictu da Chapada Pratinha, Brasil

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