VEGF, IL-17 and IgG4 levels of patients with lung sequelae in post-COVID-19 period

Arslan, Nevra Güllü; Aksakal, Şengül; Yılmam, İlker; Görgün, Selim

doi:10.5578/tt.20229808

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Furthermore, an additional 5 articles were excluded because of the lack of clear, extractable data. Consequently, a total of 82 studies were ultimately selected for the meta-analysis, adhering to our established inclusion and exclusion guidelines (Townsend, Dyer et al 2020, Ahearn-Ford, Lunjani et al 2021, Aparisi, Ybarra-Falcón et al 2021, Colarusso, Maglio et al 2021, Gameil, Marzouk et al 2021, Loretelli, Abdelsalam et al 2021, Montefusco, Ben Nasr et al 2021, Ong, Fong et al 2021, Patterson, Guevara-Coto et al 2021, Peluso, Lu et al 2021, Soni, Soni et al 2021, Sun, Tang et al 2021, Taha, Samaan et al 2021, Utrero-Rico, González-Cuadrado et al 2021, Wallis, Heiden et al 2021, Wu, Deng et al 2021, Acosta-Ampudia, Monsalve et al 2022, Alfadda, Rafiullah et al 2022, Aparisi, Ybarra-Falcón et al 2022, Arslan, Aksakal et al 2022, Cervia, Zurbuchen et al 2022, Corrêa, Deus et al 2022, Díaz-Salazar, Navas et al 2022, Dugani, Mehta et al 2022, Durstenfeld, Peluso et al 2022, Elizabeth, Thomas et al 2022, Fan, Wong et al 2022, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, Ryan-Murua et al 2022, Ferrando, Dornbush et al 2022, Flaskamp, Roubal et al 2022, Fogarty, Ward et al 2022, García-Abellán, Fernández et al 2022, Johannes, Andrea et al 2022, Kruger, Vlok et al 2022, Littlefield, Watson et al 2022, Magdy, Eid et al 2022, Martone, Tosato et al 2022, Meisinger, Goßlau et al 2022, Meltendorf, Vogel et al 2022, Nádasdi, Sinkovits et al 2022, Patel, Knauer et al 2022, Patra and Ray 2022, Peluso, Sans et al 2022, Petrella, Nenna et al 2022, Phetsouphanh, Darley et al 2022, Queiroz, Neves et al 2022, Saxena, Saxena et al 2022, Schultheiß, Willscher et al 2022, Sibila, Perea et al 2022, Simone, Caitlin et al 2022, Stavileci, Özdemir et al 2022, Taeschler, Adamo et al 2022, Wechsler, Butuci et al 2022, Wiech, Chroscicki et al 2022, Zhao, Schank et al 2022, Al-Hakeim, Abed et al 2023, Al-Hakeim, Al-Rubaye et al 2023, Al-Hakeim, Al-Rubaye et...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 82 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors

Almulla,

Thipakorn,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Multiple studies have shown that Long COVID (LC) disease is associated with heightened immune activation, as evidenced by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. However, there is no comprehensive meta-analysis focusing on activation of the immune inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS) along with other immune phenotypes in LC patients. Objectives: This meta-analysis is designed to explore the IRS and CIRS profiles in LC patients, the individual cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, along with C-reactive protein (CRP) and immune-associated neurotoxicity. Methods: To gather relevant studies for our research, we conducted a thorough search using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, covering all available literature up to December 20th, 2023. Results: The current meta-analysis encompassed 82 studies that examined multiple immune profiles, C-reactive protein, and 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in 3836 LC patients versus 4537 normal controls (NC). LC patients showed significant increases in IRS/CIRS ratio (standardized mean difference (SMD:0.156, confidence interval (CI): 0.051;0.261), IRS (SMD: 0.345, CI: 0.222;0.468), M1 macrophage (SMD: 0.421, CI: 0.290;0.551), T helper (Th)1 (SMD: 0.353, CI: 0.189;0.517), Th17 (SMD: 0.492, CI: 0.332;0.651) and immune-associated neurotoxicity (SMD: 0.327 CI: 0.205;0.448). In addition, CRP and 19 different cytokines displayed significantly elevated levels in LC patients compared to NC. Conclusion: LC disease is characterized by IRS activation and increased immune-associated neurotoxicity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 82 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors

Almulla,

Thipakorn,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors

Almulla,

Thipakorn,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Impaired VEGF-A-Mediated Neurovascular Crosstalk Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Potential Hypothesis Explaining Long COVID-19 Symptoms and COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects?

Talotta

2022

Microorganisms

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Long coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a newly discovered syndrome characterized by multiple organ manifestations that persist for weeks to months, following the recovery from acute disease. Occasionally, neurological and cardiovascular side effects mimicking long COVID-19 have been reported in recipients of COVID-19 vaccines. Hypothetically, the clinical similarity could be due to a shared pathogenic role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein produced by the virus or used for immunization. The S protein can bind to neuropilin (NRP)-1, which normally functions as a coreceptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. By antagonizing the docking of VEGF-A to NRP-1, the S protein could disrupt physiological pathways involved in angiogenesis and nociception. One consequence could be the increase in unbound forms of VEGF-A that could bind to other receptors. SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals may exhibit increased plasma levels of VEGF-A during both acute illness and convalescence, which could be responsible for diffuse microvascular and neurological damage. A few studies suggest that serum VEGF-A may also be a potential biomarker for long COVID-19, whereas evidence for COVID-19 vaccines is lacking and merits further investigation.

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VEGF, IL-17 and IgG4 levels of patients with lung sequelae in post-COVID-19 period

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 82 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors

Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 82 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors

Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors

Impaired VEGF-A-Mediated Neurovascular Crosstalk Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Potential Hypothesis Explaining Long COVID-19 Symptoms and COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects?

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