Ventilation Parallels Plasma Potassium During Incremental and Continuous Variable Intensity Exercise

Yaspelkis, Ben B.; Anderla, P. A.; Patterson, J. G.; Ivy, J. L.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021088

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…It consumes 20% of the energy supply while comprising only about 2% of the body weight [12,13]. The energy consumption of the retina is in a similar range to the brain [14][15][16][17][18]. The function of retinal neurons is often impacted when metabolites and oxygen supply are not meeting the high demands of the retinal neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Metabolism in the Inner Retina in Health and Glaucoma

Liu

Prokosch

2021

IJMS

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Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons and leads to visual loss and blindness. Risk factors for the onset and progression of glaucoma include systemic and ocular factors such as older age, lower ocular perfusion pressure, and intraocular pressure (IOP). Early signs of RGC damage comprise impairment of axonal transport, downregulation of specific genes and metabolic changes. The brain is often cited to be the highest energy-demanding tissue of the human body. The retina is estimated to have equally high demands. RGCs are particularly active in metabolism and vulnerable to energy insufficiency. Understanding the energy metabolism of the inner retina, especially of the RGCs, is pivotal for understanding glaucoma's pathophysiology. Here we review the key contributors to the high energy demands in the retina and the distinguishing features of energy metabolism of the inner retina. The major features of glaucoma include progressive cell death of retinal ganglions and optic nerve damage. Therefore, this review focuses on the energetic budget of the retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve and the relevant cells that surround them.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Metabolism in the Inner Retina in Health and Glaucoma

Liu

Prokosch

2021

IJMS

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Relationship between Maximal Pulmonary Ventilation and Arterialized Venous Blood Potassium and Dopamine Concentrations Obtained at Exhaustion in Man.

Miyamura

Ishida

Itoh

et al. 1998

JJP

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This study was performed to test the hypothesis that potassium concentration in arterialized blood may be closely related to maximal pulmonary ventilation (V.Emax) obtained at exhaustion during maximal exercise in man. Eleven healthy men performed bicycle exercise with incremental loading at 60 rpm until exhaustion. Pulmonary ventilation (V.E), oxygen uptake (V.O2), and heart rate (HR) were determined continuously throughout the experiment. Arterialized venous blood samples were collected to measure potassium ([K+]), lactate ([La]), hydrogen ion (pH), catecholamine ([CA]), and dopamine ([DA]) concentrations. A significant correlation (r = 0.98-0.88) between V.E and [K+], [La], and pH during exercise was observed in all subjects. Furthermore, a close relationship was found in this study between dopamine concentration measured at exhaustion ([DA]0) and maximal pulmonary ventilation per kilogram of body weight (V.Emax/W) (r = -0.668, p < 0.05) or maximum oxygen uptake per kilogram of body weight (VO2MAX/W) (r = 0.720, p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation was found between V. Emax/W and [K+]0 (r = 0.202, NS), [La]0 (r = -0.096, NS), and pH0 (r = 0.344, NS). These results suggest that dopamine may play a more important role in the determination of maximal pulmonary ventilation during exercise in man than K+ or pH.

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Ventilation Parallels Plasma Potassium During Incremental and Continuous Variable Intensity Exercise

Abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to tributes to but may not be the sole determinant of ventilatory regulation during exercise.

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Energy Metabolism in the Inner Retina in Health and Glaucoma

Energy Metabolism in the Inner Retina in Health and Glaucoma

Relationship between Maximal Pulmonary Ventilation and Arterialized Venous Blood Potassium and Dopamine Concentrations Obtained at Exhaustion in Man.

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