Ventral dermatitis in rowi (Apteryx rowi) due to cutaneous larval migrans

Gartrell, Brett D.; Argilla, Lisa S; Finlayson, S.; Gedye, Kristene; Argandona, A.K. Gonzalez; Graham, Iain W; Howe, Laryssa; Hunter, Stuart; Lenting, Baukje; Makan, Troy; McInnes, Kate; Michael, Sarah; Morgan, Kerri; Scott, Ian; Sijbranda, D C; Zyl, Nicki van; Ward, J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.11.001

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…scratching), ectoparasites as well as primary and secondary bacterial infections. In Rowi (Apteryx rowi), a cutaneous larva migrans of Trichostrongylus species was detected as causal agent of dermatitis (Gartrell et al 2015). Another possible factor has been described in turkeys that were immunosuppressed by virus infections with subsequent impaired cutaneous antimicrobial barrier and increased susceptibility for opportunistic pathogens, like clostridial infections (Huff et al 2013;Thachil et al 2014).…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens

et al. 2018

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The population of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) is decreasing all over Germany since the years 2008/2009. Besides impacts of habitat changes caused by current rates of land conversion, climatic influences or predators, a contribution of infectious pathogens needs also to be considered. Infectious and non-infectious diseases in free-living populations of ringnecked pheasants have been scarcely investigated so far. In the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasants of different age groups, predominantly adult pheasants, collected over a period of 4 years in the states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein, were examined pathomorphologically, parasitologically, virologically and bacteriologically, with a focus set on infectious pathogens. A periocular and perinasal dermatitis of unknown origin was present in 62.3% of the pheasants. Additional alterations included protozoal cysts in the skeletal musculature (19.0%), hepatitis (21.7%), enteritis (18.7%), gastritis (12.6%), and pneumonia (11.7%). In single cases, neoplasms (2.6%) and mycobacteriosis (1.7%) occurred. Further findings included identification of coronaviral DNA from trachea or caecal tonsils (16.8%), siadenoviral DNA (7.6%), avian metapneumoviral RNA (6.6%), and infectious bursal disease viral RNA (3.7%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on herpesvirus, avian influenza virus (AIV), paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1), avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), and chlamydia were negative. Based on the present results, there is no indication of a specific pathogen as a sole cause for population decline in adult pheasants. However, an infectious disease can still not be completely excluded as it may only affect reproduction effectivity or a certain age group of pheasants (e.g., chicks) which were not presented in the study.

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Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens

et al. 2018

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“…Cutaneous larval migrans has been described in brown kiwi chicks held on a crèche island as part of a captive propagation program (Gartrell et al, 2015). Infection was associated with feather loss, and a "scurfy" dermatitis was present in the abdominal area and along the vent margin.…”

Section: Metazoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeognathae: Apterygiformes, Casuariiformes, Rheiformes, Struthioniformes; Tinamiformes

Smith

2018

Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals

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“…Histology of skin biopsies taken from several of the affected birds showed nematodes present within the epidermis, suggesting the condition cutaneous larva migrans . Molecular sequencing of nematode DNA extracted from the biopsies aligned among Trichostrongylus spp; however, the authors concluded that this result should be viewed with caution as concurrent morphological evaluation was limited and members of this nematode genus have not previously been associated with cutaneous migratory lesions ( Gartrell et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the case of rowi, ONE chicks are raised on a single off-shore crèche island where they are intermittently monitored by DOC rangers. In 2013, 15 out of 30 juvenile rowi on the crèche island developed a crusting dermatitis affecting the ventral abdominal skin and vent margin ( Gartrell et al, 2015 ). Histology of skin biopsies taken from several of the affected birds showed nematodes present within the epidermis, suggesting the condition cutaneous larva migrans .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventral dermatitis in rowi (Apteryx rowi) caused by cutaneous capillariasis

French

Castillo-Alcala

Gedye

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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In 2013 there was an outbreak of crusting ventral dermatitis among a group of juvenile rowi ( Apteryx rowi ), a species of the endangered New Zealand kiwi, that were being raised on an off-shore island sanctuary. Biopsies taken at the time found nematodes migrating within the epidermis of affected skin but the specific identity and origin of the organisms was not established, and sporadic cases of similar skin disease continue to occur on the island. On examination of additional sections from the original skin biopsies, adult nematodes and eggs were identified, the histomorphology of which was consistent with Capillaria sensu lato . PCR was performed on DNA extracted from archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of skin from eight affected rowi, using primers targeting the 18S region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the COI gene of mitochondrial DNA of capillarid nematodes. The 18S sequences from all rowi samples were identical and matched sequences from members of the genus Eucoleus . In contrast, two distinct capillarid COI sequences were obtained, in one case both from the same rowi skin biopsy. While there were no close matches, both COI sequences also aligned nearest to sequences identified as Eucoleus spp. It is considered unlikely that two different nematode species are involved in the rowi skin lesions and the possible amplification of a COI pseudogene or “numt” is discussed. A species-level identification of the capillarid nematodes causing skin disease in rowi was not obtained, however based on histological evaluation the infections include reproductively-active adult nematodes. This finding indicates the possibility of perpetuation of the skin disease in the absence of the original source, as well as raising potential for the transfer of infection from the island when the juvenile rowi are translocated to their new habitats.

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Ventral dermatitis in rowi (Apteryx rowi) due to cutaneous larval migrans

Abstract: Graphical Abstract

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens

Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens

Palaeognathae: Apterygiformes, Casuariiformes, Rheiformes, Struthioniformes; Tinamiformes

Ventral dermatitis in rowi (Apteryx rowi) caused by cutaneous capillariasis

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