“…Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies appear uncommon in VACTERL cases of unknown cause. However, reports [Dhatt et al, 1973;Bruyere et al, 1980;Russell et al, 1981;Tollner et al, 1981;Carlo et al, 1982;Sujansky and Leonard, 1983;Aleksic et al, 1984;Beemer and von Ertbruggen, 1984;Briard et al, 1984;Cochrane et al, 1985;Milstein et al, 1985;Hunter and MacMurray, 1987;Vintzileos et al, 19871 suggest that there may be at least one syndrome, and probably more, with the combination of hydrocephalus and VACTERL defects. Differentiation of these syndromes from classic VACTERL association would be worthwhile because most children with VACTERL and hydrocephalus have died in the newborn period with the rare survivors usually being mentally retarded, and there have been several recurrences in families.…”