Ventriloquism—an area for research

Kodman, Frank

doi:10.1288/00005537-195511000-00005

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

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“…Thus, people like Nol[l]et (1754−1765: 470), Arnott (1831: 515) and Liskovius (1846: 50) supported the ingressive speech explanation of ventriloquism, while others, like Richerand 28 For good accounts of the history of ventriloquism, see e.g. A short historical overview is provided by Kodman (1955). The last of these works provides an astonishingly exhaustive listing of the litarature devoted to ventriloquism throughout the ages.…”

Section: Ventriloquists and (Other) Shamansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The history of various theories of how ventriloquists produce their voices is perhaps most succinctly summarized by Kodman (1955Kodman ( : 1066:…”

Section: Ventriloquists and (Other) Shamansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; http://www.stephenknowles.us/) reports (with ample demonstration) that he uses ingressive phonation to achieve certain effects, like infant cry, dog barks, pig squeals or other animal sounds (including donkey and horse sounds). 32 For more information on the ventriloquist effect, as well as more phonetically-oriented studies, see Froeschels (1950), Kodman (1955), Vroomen, Bertelson & de Gelder (2001a, b) and Westbury & Weiss (2003). reveals that he personally never speaks on inhalation airstream since it is hard on the vocal cords, but that he knows that other ventriloquists do it, and that many books mention it.…”

Section: Ventriloquists and (Other) Shamansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The history of various theories of how ventriloquists produce their voices is perhaps most succinctly summarized by Kodman (1955: 1066): One of the earliest hypotheses concerning the manner of vocal production was that the ventriloquist spoke on inhalation. Another theory was that the ventriloquist's voice came from the stomach.…”

Section: Ingressive Phonation and Ingressive Speechmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last of these works provides an astonishingly exhaustive listing of the litarature devoted to ventriloquism throughout the ages. A short historical overview is provided by Kodman (1955).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonic ingressive phonation: Diachronic and synchronic characteristics, distribution and function in animal and human sound production and in human speech

Eklund¹

2008

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0025100308003563How to cite this article: Robert Eklund (2008). Pulmonic ingressive phonation: Diachronic and synchronic characteristics, distribution and function in animal and human sound production and in human speech.This paper looks at the phenomenon of ingressive speech, i.e. speech produced on a pulmonic ingressive airstream, set in the context of human and animal ingressive phonation. The literature on ingressive speech and phonation spanning several centuries is reviewed, as well as contemporary reports of their incidence and characteristics from both functional and acoustic perspectives. Ingressive phonation has been used as a deliberate means of speech or sound production for hundreds of years in order to achieve specific effects, and it is still used for the same purposes, by e.g. shamans and ventriloquists. In normal spoken conversation -contrary to what is often claimed -present-day ingressive speech is not limited to Scandinavia or Nordic languages, but is found on all continents, in genetically unrelated languages. Where ingressive speech occurs, it serves more or less the same paralinguistic functions, such as a feedback marker in a dialog. Since pulmonic ingressive phonation is also common in the calls of monkeys and apes, thus exhibiting a biological basis, it is suggested that ingressive speech might constitute a neglected universal phenomenon, rather than being highly marked, which is how it is commonly described in the literature.If asked, 'Will you marry me?' no one would answer with an ingressive ja.research and experience show that EVERYONE does it, albeit in varying degrees. Anecdotes and general opinion aside, there is -to the best of the author's knowledge -no comprehensive overview of this phenomenon. A few years ago, having stumbled across ingressive speech while analyzing data for a different purpose (reported later in this paper), the author decided to explore in depth the phenomenon of ingressive phonation.This paper aims to describe pulmonic ingressive phonation and speech from many angles. Consequently, such widely different areas as zoology, physiology, acoustics, pathology, anthropology, ventriloquism, shamanism, musicology, general linguistics, paralinguistics, phonetics, and sociolinguistics will be covered, as will more practical aspects such as the annotation of ingressive phonation within various disciplines. This paper should be regarded as a linguistic-phonetic overview that goes back to the Pythea of Delphi (and even earlier than that) and extends to present-day automatic speech synthesis and recognition.This article is a review paper that summarizes a cornucopia of the literature. The paper's working title was based around the words what, how, where, who and why, which is reflected in its structure. Consequently, the paper starts out by describing WHAT ingressive speech is and HOW it is produced (part I), WHERE it is found and WHO uses it (part II), and WHY it is used (part III). Finally (part IV), an overv...

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Section: Ventriloquists and (Other) Shamansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The history of various theories of how ventriloquists produce their voices is perhaps most succinctly summarized by Kodman (1955Kodman ( : 1066:…”

Section: Ventriloquists and (Other) Shamansmentioning

confidence: 99%