Verbal Labels Can Triple Perceived Risk in Clinical Trials

Berry, Dianne C.; Hochhauser, Mark

doi:10.1177/009286150604000302

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While a previous study [12] found combined descriptors to outperform verbal descriptors, this study found less compelling support for an advantage of combined descriptors over numeric descriptors. Information in the combined format did not generally lead to more accurate side effect risk estimates than information in numeric format only, with the exception of risk perceptions about pulmonary embolism.…”

Section: Relative Accuracy Between Conditionscontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Perceived risk of tamoxifen side effects: A study of the use of absolute frequencies or frequency bands, with or without verbal descriptors

Knapp

Gardner

Raynor

et al. 2010

Patient Education and Counseling

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Section: Relative Accuracy Between Conditionscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Participants generally over-estimated the risk of side effects irrespective of the manner of presentation [see also [8,[10][11][12][13]]. Participants may not have completely trusted the information supplied in the scenario [11], or personal experiences of cancer treatment may have influenced their judgment.…”

Section: Estimations Of Side Effect Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived risk of tamoxifen side effects: A study of the use of absolute frequencies or frequency bands, with or without verbal descriptors

Knapp

Gardner

Raynor

et al. 2010

Patient Education and Counseling

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“…For example in the UK expert witnesses are encouraged to use one of a small set of verbal expressions to convey probability to a jury (Association of Forensic Science Providers, 2009) despite the fact that participants associate a wide range of values with each of these expressions (Mullen, Spence, Moxey & Jamieson, 2014). Similar problems are associated with the use of verbal expressions to convey the probability of side effects on medicine labels (Berry & Hochhauser, 2006).…”

Section: Early Work On the Mapping Between Numbers And Wordsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Processing Quantified Noun Phrases with Numbers Versus Verbal Quantifiers

Moxey

2017

Discourse Processes

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“…This approach has been used successfully in previous research. [125][126][127] Findings broadly indicate that comprehension of the information is improved, particularly for people with low numeracy. 128 Furthermore, the same study suggested that evaluative categories can increase deliberative processing of the numerical information.…”

Section: Numerical Informationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Testing innovative strategies to reduce the social gradient in the uptake of bowel cancer screening: a programme of four qualitatively enhanced randomised controlled trials

Raine

Atkin

Wagner

et al. 2017

Programme Grants Appl Res

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Objective: To reduce socioeconomic inequalities in uptake of the NHS BCSP ’ s guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBt) without compromising uptake in any socioeconomic group. Design: Workstream 1 explored psychosocial determinants of non-uptake of gFOBt in focus groups and interviews. Workstream 2 developed and tested four theoretically based interventions: (1) ‘ gist ’ information, (2) a ‘ narrative ’ leaflet, (3) ‘ general practice endorsement ’ (GPE) and (4) an ‘ enhanced reminder ’ (ER). Workstream 3 comprised four national cluster randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the cost-effectiveness of each intervention. Methods: Interventions were co-designed with user panels, user tested using interviews and focus groups, and piloted with postal questionnaires. RCTs compared ‘ usual care ’ (existing NHS BCSP invitations) with usual care plus each intervention. The four trials tested: (1) ‘ gist ’ leaflet ( n = 163,525), (2) ‘ narrative ’ leaflet ( n = 150,417), (3) GPE on the invitation letter ( n = 265,434) and (4) ER ( n = 168,480). Randomisation was based on day of mailing of the screening invitation. The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score associated with each individual ’ s home address was used as the marker of socioeconomic circumstances (SECs). Change in the socioeconomic gradient in uptake (interaction between treatment group and IMD quintile) was the primary outcome. Screening uptake was defined as the return of a gFOBt kit within 18 weeks of the invitation that led to a ‘ definitive ’ test result of either ‘ normal ’ (i.e. no further investigation required) or ‘ abnormal ’ (i.e. requiring referral for further testing). Difference in overall uptake was the secondary outcome. Results: The gist and narrative trials showed no effect on the SECs gradient or overall uptake (57.6% and 56.7%, respectively, compared with 57.3% and 58.5%, respectively, for usual care; all p -values > 0.05). GPE showed no effect on the gradient ( p = 0.5) but increased overall uptake [58.2% vs. 57.5% in usual care, odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 1.10; p < 0.0001]. ER showed a significant interaction with SECs ( p = 0.005), with a stronger effect in the most deprived IMD quintile (14.1% vs. 13.3% in usual care, OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.20; p = 0.003) than the least deprived (34.7% vs. 34.9% in usual care OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.06; p = 0.98), and higher overall uptake (25.8% vs. 25.1% in usual care, OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.11; p = 0.001). All interventions were inexpensive to provide. Limitations: In line with NHS policy, the gist and narrative leaflets supplemented rather than replaced existing NHS BCSP information. This may have undermined their effect. Conclusions: Enhanced reminder reduced the gradient and modestly increased overall uptake, whereas GPE increased overall uptake but did not reduce the gradient. Therefore, given their effectiveness and very low cost, the findings suggest that implementation of both by the NHS BCSP would be beneficial. The gist and narrative results hig...

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Verbal Labels Can Triple Perceived Risk in Clinical Trials

Abstract: Presented in part at DIA 41st Annual Meeting. lune 26-30.2005. in Washington. DC.

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Perceived risk of tamoxifen side effects: A study of the use of absolute frequencies or frequency bands, with or without verbal descriptors

Perceived risk of tamoxifen side effects: A study of the use of absolute frequencies or frequency bands, with or without verbal descriptors

Processing Quantified Noun Phrases with Numbers Versus Verbal Quantifiers

Testing innovative strategies to reduce the social gradient in the uptake of bowel cancer screening: a programme of four qualitatively enhanced randomised controlled trials

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