Verbal Learning and Memory After Cochlear Implantation in Postlingually Deaf Adults: Some New Findings with the CVLT-II

Pisoni, David B.; Broadstock, Arthur; Wucinich, Taylor; Safdar, Natalie; Miller, Kelly D.; Hernandez, Luis Radford; Vasil, Kara J.; Boyce, Lauren; Davies, Alexandra; Harris, Michael S.; Castellanos, Irina; Xu, Huiping; Kronenberger, William G.; Moberly, Aaron C.

doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000530

Cited by 42 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Patients with MCI and dementia perform distinctly across these factors; thus, taking this performance into consideration could provide more accurate classification of cognitive function. A recent study tested the newly developed visual CVLT‐II protocol and found it comparable with the standard CVLT‐II protocol . This study also found overwhelming performance similarities on the visual CVLT‐II among a sample of experienced CI users and older NH adults with the exception of recency recall deficits, proactive interference, and forgetting, again suggesting slight differences in some memory‐processing mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Performance on the standard and hearing‐impaired Montreal Cognitive Assessment in cochlear implant users

Parada

Hillyer

Parbery‐Clark

2020

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives Commonly used cognitive screening tools were not originally developed for patients with hearing loss (HL) and rely heavily on the ability to hear the instructions and test stimuli. Recently, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was modified for use with hearing‐impaired populations (ie, HI‐MoCA). In order to investigate the clinical utility of the HI‐MoCA, we assessed performance between the standard MoCA and HI‐MoCA among postlingually deafened cochlear implant (CI) users. Methods We administered the standard MoCA and HI‐MoCA to 21 CI users and compared their performance. We assessed differences in pass/fail status when items from the attention and language sections and the delayed recall task were removed. Results There was no significant difference in performance between the standard MoCA and HI‐MoCA. Participants scored higher on both test versions when the delayed recall task was removed. Participants also performed better on the delayed recall task on the HI‐MoCA than on the standard MoCA. Conclusions While our findings suggest that the modality of presentation for the MoCA does not influence overall performance for postlingually deafened CI users, visual presentation of stimuli impacted performance on delayed recall. Furthermore, irrespective of presentation modality, our participants scored higher on both MoCA versions when the delayed recall task was removed. Clinically, modifications to the presentation of the MoCA might not be necessary for CI users; however, clinicians should be aware that the delayed recall task is inherently harder for these patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Performance on the standard and hearing‐impaired Montreal Cognitive Assessment in cochlear implant users

Parada

Hillyer

Parbery‐Clark

2020

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…In this study, we compared long-term prelingually deaf CI users with NH controls who were comparable in age and nonverbal IQ. Our sample of CI users differs from the earlier samples studied by Heydebrand et al (2007), Holden et al (2013), and Pisoni et al (2018), which consisted of postlingually deaf adult CI users who had an early period of typical development when they had sufficient hearing to acquire spoken language normally. In addition, Heydebrand et al and Holden et al used a global aggregate measure of verbal memory derived from the CVLT-II, whereas the current study focused on specific CVLT-II measures in order to understand the differential contributions of specific component subprocesses of verbal learning and memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Previous research suggested important contributions of downstream cognitive processing (i.e., information processing following initial perception and encoding) as one of the factors underlying the enormous variability and individual differences observed in speech and language outcomes after implantation. However, except for a few exceptions (Heydebrand et al, 2007;Holden et al, 2013;Pisoni et al, 2018), almost all previous studies of verbal memory in this clinical population have been primarily focused on short-term and working memory using rote memory span measures. Other core aspects of memory such as verbal learning, self-generated organizational strategies, encoding and retrieval interactions, and measures of retention in long-term memory have not been studied by researchers working with this clinical population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal Learning and Memory in Early-Implanted, Prelingually Deaf Adolescent and Adult Cochlear Implant Users

Chandramouli

Kronenberger

Pisoni

2019

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the information-processing strategies of early-implanted, prelingually deaf cochlear implant (CI) users with the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II; Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 2000), a well-established normed measure of verbal learning and memory used in neuropsychological assessments of memory loss. Method: Verbal learning and memory skills were compared in 20 older adolescent and young adult prelingually deaf long-term early-implanted CI users and their 24 normal hearing (NH) peers using the CVLT-II, a widely used multitrial free recall test of verbal learning and memory. Results: On average, CI users recalled fewer words than their NH peers across the immediate, delayed, and cued recall trials of the CVLT-II but were comparable to their NH peers on yes/no recognition memory. CI users showed little evidence of semantic clustering of words during free recall but greater serial clustering compared to their NH peers, suggesting fundamental disturbances in automatic semantic activation of words from long-term memory. No differences were found in verbal memory between CI users and their NH peers on measures of retroactive interference and encoding/retrieval interactions. Performance on the 2nd word list of the CVLT-II (List B) and amount of semantic clustering of words during recall were correlated with sentence recognition in the CI group. Conclusion: Study findings demonstrate significant differences in free recall performance and information-processing strategies that early-implanted, prelingually deaf CI users use to encode, organize, store, and retrieve spoken words in conventional verbal list learning paradigms, compared to their NH peers. Because verbal learning and memory are core foundational processes routinely used in daily functioning for a wide range of neurocognitive and language processing operations, these findings suggest potential domains for assessment and novel interventions to promote the development of optimal outcomes in prelingually deaf early-implanted longterm CI users.

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“…Speed of phonological and lexical access were assessed using the Test of Word Reading Efficiency, version 2. Lastly, verbal learning and memory were assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test, version II . Details regarding these tests are described in Appendix A.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, verbal learning and memory were assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test, version II. 20,21 Details regarding these tests are described in Appendix A.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Functions in Adult Cochlear Implant Users, Cochlear Implant Candidates, and Normal‐Hearing Listeners

Kramer

Vasil

Adunka

et al. 2018

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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ObjectivesIncreasing evidence suggests that hearing loss may be linked to cognitive decline, and that cochlear implantation may lead to improvements in cognition. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of severe‐to‐profound hearing loss and cochlear implantation in post‐lingually deafened adults, compared with age‐matched normal‐hearing (NH) peers. Participants were tested on several non‐auditory measures of cognition: working memory (WM) (digit span, object span, symbol span), non‐verbal reasoning (Raven's progressive matrices), information‐processing speed and inhibitory control (Stroop test), speed of phonological and lexical access (Test of Word Reading Efficiency), and verbal learning and memory (California Verbal Learning Test). Demographic measures were also collected.MethodsCohort study at tertiary neurotology center. Forty‐three post‐lingually deafened experienced CI users, 19 post‐lingually deafened CI candidates, and 40 age‐matched NH controls with no cognitive impairment were enrolled. Comparisons among the groups on the cognitive measures were performed.ResultsAdult CI users and CI candidates demonstrated worse (or a trend towards worse) performance as compared with NH peers on non‐verbal reasoning, information‐processing speed, speed of lexical access, and verbal learning and memory. However, after controlling for gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and vocabulary knowledge among groups, some of these differences were no longer significant. Similarly, large differences were not found in most cognitive abilities between experienced CI users and CI candidates.ConclusionsAdult CI users, CI candidates, and NH peers generally demonstrated equivalent non‐auditory cognitive abilities, after controlling for gender, SES, and vocabulary knowledge. These findings provide support for a link between cognitive decline and hearing loss, but this association may be partly attributable to group differences in SES and vocabulary knowledge.Level of Evidence2b.

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Verbal Learning and Memory After Cochlear Implantation in Postlingually Deaf Adults: Some New Findings with the CVLT-II

Cited by 42 publications

References 61 publications

Performance on the standard and hearing‐impaired Montreal Cognitive Assessment in cochlear implant users

Performance on the standard and hearing‐impaired Montreal Cognitive Assessment in cochlear implant users

Verbal Learning and Memory in Early-Implanted, Prelingually Deaf Adolescent and Adult Cochlear Implant Users

Cognitive Functions in Adult Cochlear Implant Users, Cochlear Implant Candidates, and Normal‐Hearing Listeners

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