Verbal self-monitoring in individuals with schizotypal personality traits: An exploratory ERP study

Zou, Lai‐quan; Wang, Kui; Qu, Chen; Lui, Simon S.Y.; Shum, David; Cheung, Eric F.C.; Chan, Raymond C.K.

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2014.06.004

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This response has to be withheld, however, when a no-go stimulus is presented instead of the go stimulus. There is evidence of increased commission errors in schizophrenia patients, relatives, and people with high schizotypy in some but not all studies (Egashira et al, 2015;Groom et al, 2008;Simmonite et al, 2012;Zou et al, 2014).…”

Section: Stop-signal Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response inhibition and interference control: Effects of schizophrenia, genetic risk, and schizotypy

Ettinger

Aichert²,

Wöstmann³

et al. 2017

Journal of Neuropsychology

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The ability to inhibit inappropriate responses and suppress irrelevant information is a core feature of executive control. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of prepotent response inhibition and interference in patients with schizophrenia. To further test the role of genetic factors and subclinical schizophrenia-like traits, we additionally studied clinically unaffected, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and assessed dimensions of schizotypy in both relatives and healthy controls. Inhibition and interference control were assessed using a battery comprising the antisaccade, Stroop, stop signal, go/no-go, flanker, and Simon tasks. Schizophrenia patients differed from both relatives and controls in making more errors on the antisaccade task and having longer response times on the Stroop task, especially the incongruent condition. Patients also had general, that is, condition independent, increases in reaction times on the go/no-go and flanker tasks and made more errors on the flanker and Simon tasks, suggesting general performance impairments independent of inhibitory demand. Relatives were characterized by hypometric antisaccade amplitude gain despite normal prosaccades, suggesting a selective deficit in non-standard sensorimotor transformations. Schizotypy was correlated with inhibitory performance across a number of tasks in both relatives and controls. Generally, these effects were independent of verbal intelligence levels. Overall, the findings point to rather selective impairments of inhibitory control in the schizophrenia spectrum and confirm a previously observed deficit in antisaccade spatial accuracy as an endophenotype of schizophrenia.

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Section: Stop-signal Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response inhibition and interference control: Effects of schizophrenia, genetic risk, and schizotypy

Ettinger

Aichert²,

Wöstmann³

et al. 2017

Journal of Neuropsychology

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“…Nineteen studies 65,72,75,82,84,87,90,94,95,99,101,[115][116][117][119][120][121][122][123] including 2605 participants were included. There was no significant effect of overall schizotypy on inhibition, yielding an average effect size of g = 0.15 (z = 1.79, P = .07).…”

Section: Overall Schizotypymentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Schizotypy With Dimensions of Cognitive Control: A Meta-Analysis

Steffens

Meyhöfer

Faßbender

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Schizotypy is defined as a time-stable multidimensional personality trait consisting of positive, negative, and disorganized facets. Schizotypy is considered as a model system of psychosis, as there is considerable overlap between the 2 constructs. High schizotypy is associated with subtle but fairly widespread cognitive alterations, which include poorer performance in tasks measuring cognitive control. Similar but more pronounced impairments in cognitive control have been described extensively in psychosis. We here sought to provide a quantitative estimation of the effect size of impairments in schizotypy in the updating, shifting, and inhibition dimensions of cognitive control. We included studies of healthy adults from both general population and college samples, which used either categorical or correlative designs. Negative schizotypy was associated with significantly poorer performance on shifting (g = 0.32) and updating (g = 0.11). Positive schizotypy was associated with significantly poorer performance on shifting (g = 0.18). There were no significant associations between schizotypy and inhibition. The divergence in results for positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy emphasizes the importance of examining relationships between cognition and the facets of schizotypy rather than using the overall score. Our findings also underline the importance of more detailed research to further understand and define this complex personality construct, which will also be of importance when applying schizotypy as a model system for psychosis.

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“…Patients showed an intact post‐error slowing (Donaldson et al, 2019; Foti et al, 2012; Houthoofd et al, 2013; Mathalon et al, 2002; Minzenberg, Gomes, Yoon, Swaab, & Carter, 2014; Morris et al, 2006; Perez et al, 2012) and a normal error correction performance (Kopp & Rist, 1999; Morris et al, 2006). Likewise, individuals with schizotypal personality traits (Zou et al, 2014) and individuals at high‐risk (Perez et al, 2012) did not differ from controls in post‐error slowing. Only the study of Alain et al (2002) showed differences between the patient and control groups with significantly reduced error‐related slowing in schizophrenic patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In some studies, no differences were found between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls (Bates et al, 2004; Kim et al, 2006; Kopp & Rist, 1999; Simmonite et al, 2012). Also for unaffected siblings of schizophrenic patients (Simmonite et al, 2012) and individuals with schizotypal personality traits (Kim et al, 2015; Zou et al, 2014), no differences to healthy controls were evident.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings show that in the majority of conducted studies, no differences in the number of committed errors were found between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls (Araki et al, 2013; Bates, Liddle, Kiehl, & Ngan, 2004; De la Asuncion, Docx, Morrens, Sabbe, & De Bruijn, 2015; Foti, Kotov, Bromet, & Hajcak, 2012; Horan, Foti, Hajcak, Wynn, & Green, 2012; Kansal, Patriciu, & Kiang, 2014; Mathalon et al, 2002; Mathalon, Jorgensen, Roach, & Ford, 2009; Morris, Yee, & Nuechterlein, 2006; Polli et al, 2008) and between individuals with schizotypal traits and controls matched for gender, age, education, and IQ (Zou et al, 2014). A few studies showed higher error rates in schizophrenic patients (Bates, Kiehl, Laurens, & Liddle, 2002; Donaldson et al, 2019; Kim et al, 2006; Llerena, Wynn, Hajcak, Green, & Horan, 2016; Perez et al, 2012), patients at clinical high risk for schizophrenia (Perez et al, 2012), and individuals with schizotypal personality traits (Kim, Jang, & Kim, 2015) compared to healthy controls, and lower correct hit rates in schizophrenic patients (Simmonite et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Action‐Monitoring Alterations as Indicators of Predictive Deficits in Schizophrenia

Storchak

Ehlis

Fallgatter

2020

Topics in Cognitive Science

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A flexible and dynamically adjustable behavior is crucial to adapt to a continuously changing environment. In order to optimally adapt, we need to learn from the consequences of our behavior. We usually learn through different kinds of prediction errors, which occur when we experience unexpected situations due to false predictions. With this literature review, we intended to contribute to current etiological models that ascribe various positive symptoms (particularly delusions and hallucinations) in patients with schizophrenia to false prediction errors and deficient predictive learning. We discuss alterations in the electrophysiological measure of the error‐related negativity/error negativity (ERN/Ne) as a global deficit and a trait in schizophrenia, as they have been observed in different samples of patients with schizophrenia, in individuals at high‐risk and individuals with subclinical schizotypal traits. As the ERN/Ne can itself be considered the result of predictive processes (evaluation of current action outcomes as worse than expected), we propose that the reported alterations indicate that patients suffering from schizophrenic illnesses fail to adequately classify the outcomes of their actions as better or worse than expected due to a deficit in self‐monitoring. Furthermore, we discuss results in further action‐monitoring components, such as the correct response negativity (CRN)—a smaller negativity elicited by correct responses; and error positivity (Pe)—a later positivity assumed to reflect conscious error processing. The reported results show normal Pe amplitudes and normal post‐error adjustments (adaptations after committed error to improve performance), indicating an intact later and conscious processing. From the results of diminished differences between ERN/Ne and CRN amplitudes, we conclude a general predictive deficit in early aspects of self‐monitoring associated with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

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Verbal self-monitoring in individuals with schizotypal personality traits: An exploratory ERP study

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Response inhibition and interference control: Effects of schizophrenia, genetic risk, and schizotypy

Response inhibition and interference control: Effects of schizophrenia, genetic risk, and schizotypy

Association of Schizotypy With Dimensions of Cognitive Control: A Meta-Analysis

Action‐Monitoring Alterations as Indicators of Predictive Deficits in Schizophrenia

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