Vergence and Accommodative Dysfunctions in Emmetropic and Myopic Chinese Young Adults

Ming-Leung, Martin; Yeo, Anna Chwee Hong; Scheiman, Mitchell; Chen, Xiang

doi:10.1155/2019/5904903

Cited by 27 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In this study, the prevalence of overall ADs and/or BDs was estimated to be 15.7% and 15.2% in the CRS and emmetropia pilots, respectively. This study obtained a lower prevalence of ADs and/or BDs than those reported in three studies [16,25,26] employing adult population. Lara et al [25] examined a sample of 265 symptomatic participants who consecutively attended an optometric clinic and found that 59 (22.3%) presented some type of AD or BD.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Effect of corneal refractive surgery on accommodative and binocular dysfunctions among civilian pilots in Southwest China

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To analyze whether corneal refractive surgery (CRS) is associated with the distribution of different accommodative dysfunctions (ADs) and binocular dysfunctions (BDs) in civilian pilots. A further aim was to analyze the percentages and visual symptoms associated with ADs and/or BDs in this population.Methods: One hundred and eight civilian pilots who underwent CRS from January 2001 to July 2012 (age: 30.33±4.60 years) were enrolled, the mean preoperative SE was −1.51±1.15 D (range: −1.00- −5.00 D). Ninety-nine emmetropic civilian pilots (age: 29.64±3.77 years) who were age- and sex-matched to the CRS group were also enrolled. Refractive status, accommodative and binocular tests of each subject were performed. Visually related symptoms were quantified using the 19-item College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life (COVD-QOL) questionnaire. The 19 items were summed to obtain visual symptom scores that might indicate visual dysfunctions. The chi-square test was used to analyze differences in percentages of ADs and/or BDs between the CRS and emmetropic groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare visual symptom scores between pilots with ADs and/or BDs and pilots with normal binocular vision.Results: No significant difference was observed between the CRS and emmetropic groups in the overall prevalence of ADs and BDs (15.7% and 15.2% in the CRS and emmetropic groups, respectively; P=0.185). ADs were present in 4.63% and 3.03% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively. BDs were observed in 11.1% and 12.1% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively, yielding no significant differences between the groups in the prevalence of ADs or BDs (AD: P=0.094; BD: P=0.105). Pilots with ADs and/or BDs had significantly more visual symptoms than pilots with normal binocular vision (p < 0.001). Conclusions: CRS for civilian pilots with low-moderate myopia might not impact binocular functions. ADs and/or BDs commonly occur in both emmetropia pilots and pilots who undergo CRS, and pilots with ADs and/or BDs are associated with increased symptoms. This study confirms the importance of a full assessment of binocular visual functions in detecting and remedying these dysfunctions in this specific population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Effect of corneal refractive surgery on accommodative and binocular dysfunctions among civilian pilots in Southwest China

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this study, the prevalence of overall ADs and/or BDs was estimated to be 15.7% and 15.2% in the CRS and emmetropia pilots, respectively. As shown in Table 5, this study obtained a lower prevalence of ADs and/or BDs than those reported in three studies [16,25,26] employing adult population. Lara et al [25] examined a sample of 265 symptomatic participants who consecutively attended an optometric clinic and found that 59 (22.3%) presented some type of AD or BD.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…Lara et al [25] examined a sample of 265 symptomatic participants who consecutively attended an optometric clinic and found that 59 (22.3%) presented some type of AD or BD. Martin et al [26] examined the prevalence of ADs and/or BDs in a clinical population of 415 Chinese participants, nding that 178 patients (42.9%) in the total sample had general binocular disorders. The samples from both studies were taken from a clinical population seeking solutions to visual symptoms, which might have contributed to the higher prevalence of visual anomalies than the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Martin et al [26] deliberately did not consider subjective symptoms when classifying participants with diagnostic criteria. Thus, the data obtained by Martin et al [26] might have provided an overestimation of binocular vision dysfunctions. Lara et al [21] Esteban [17] selected 65 university students aged approximately 22 years old, 32.3% of whom showed ADs or BDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Corneal Refractive Surgery on Accommodative and Binocular Dysfunctions Among Civilian Pilots in Southwest China

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To analyze whether corneal refractive surgery (CRS) is associated with the distribution of different accommodative dysfunctions (ADs) and binocular dysfunctions (BDs) in civilian pilots. A further aim was to analyze the percentages and visual symptoms associated with ADs and/or BDs in this population.Methods: One hundred and eight civilian pilots who underwent CRS from January 2001 to July 2012 (age range: 23-35 years) and 99 emmetropic civilian pilots (age range: 23-35 years) were included in this study. Visual symptoms, refractive status, accommodative and binocular tests of each subject were performed.Results: No significant difference was observed between the CRS and emmetropic groups in the overall prevalence of ADs and BDs (15.7% and 15.2% in the CRS and emmetropic groups, respectively; P=0.185). ADs were present in 4.63% and 3.03% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively. BDs were observed in 11.1% and 12.1% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively, yielding no significant differences between the groups in the prevalence of ADs or BDs (AD: P=0.094; BD: P=0.105). Pilots with ADs and/or BDs had significantly more visual symptoms than pilots with normal binocular vision (p < 0.001). Conclusions: CRS for civilian pilots with low-moderate myopia might not impact binocular functions. ADs and/or BDs commonly occur in both emmetropia pilots and pilots who undergo CRS, and pilots with ADs and/or BDs are associated with increased symptoms. This study confirms the importance of a full assessment of binocular visual functions in detecting and remedying these dysfunctions in this specific population.Trial registration number: ChiCTR1900027235 (date: 6 Nov 2019) Available at www.medresman.org

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“…It was reported that convergence insu ciency and divergence insu ciency were associated with refractive error groupings. Convergence insu ciency was more likely to occur in patients with a lower degree of myopia, while divergence insu ciency was more likely to occur in patients with a higher degree of myopia [7]. Another clinical study revealed that high school children (aged between 13 and 18 years) with refractive errors, accommodative or vergence anomalies were more likely to have reduced mean stereoacuity than cases without such anomalies [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Refractive Errors and Age on Binocular Function in Normal Adult Population

Zhou¹,

She²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Purpose: To investigate the relationship between binocular function with gender, ages, and spherical equivalent (SE) .Methods: This observational study enrolled 243 healthy, non-strabismic adults, including 94 men and 149 women aged from 20 to 59 years. The subjects were divided into three groups according to SE: myopic group, emmetropic group and hyperopic group. The subjects were also divided into four groups according to age: 20-29 years group, 30-39 years group, 40-49 years group, and 50-59 years group. The binocular vision function was measured with a synoptophore, including subjective angle (SA), divergence, convergence and fusional vergence range (FVR). Results: The mean values of SA, divergence, convergence and range of fusion for the whole sample group were 3.33±0.16°, 9.72±0.26°, 19.34±0.54°, and 29.06±0.62°, respectively. The mean values of SA and divergence in myopic group were significantly larger than the emmetropic group (both p<0.05). SE, SA, divergence and FVR were significantly different among age groups (all p<0.05). Besides, linear regression analysis showed SE was correlated with SA and divergence (p=0.007, p=0.003). Age was correlated with SE, SA, divergence and FVR (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.005, p=0.002, respectively). In addition, the proportion of SA being in comfort zone (defined as the value of SA located in the middle 1/3 area of FVR) in age groups were statistically different. (χ2=8.283, p=0.041)Conclusion: Both SA and motor fusion are associated with age and SE in normal adult population.

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Vergence and Accommodative Dysfunctions in Emmetropic and Myopic Chinese Young Adults

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of corneal refractive surgery on accommodative and binocular dysfunctions among civilian pilots in Southwest China

Effect of corneal refractive surgery on accommodative and binocular dysfunctions among civilian pilots in Southwest China

Effect of Corneal Refractive Surgery on Accommodative and Binocular Dysfunctions Among Civilian Pilots in Southwest China

Effects of Refractive Errors and Age on Binocular Function in Normal Adult Population

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